This is unofficial translation of the document https://www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/2169396?publication=34

Since there is no official current version, this translation into English has been made in order to familiarize you with the traffic regulations of Georgia. The translation was updated and improved on 13.04.2026

Law of Georgia

On Road Traffic

Chapter I — General Provisions

Article 1. Scope of the Law

This Law defines the legal bases for organizing road traffic and ensuring road traffic safety on the territory of Georgia, the main directions of state policy in the field of road traffic safety, the rights and duties of state authority bodies, the rules and conditions of road traffic, road signs and road markings, the rights and duties of road traffic participants, and the general requirements for granting the right to drive a vehicle and for vehicle registration.
This Law applies to citizens of Georgia, as well as to foreign citizens and stateless persons who participate in road traffic on the territory of Georgia, and to vehicles in international traffic on the territory of Georgia, unless otherwise provided by an international treaty or agreement of Georgia.
For the purposes of this Law, the following shall not be considered road traffic: a) movement on a road which, by decision of an authorized state authority body, is temporarily closed to road traffic for holding a sporting or mass event; b) movement on territory permanently closed to road traffic and designated for holding sporting events with vehicles.

Article 2. Annexes to the Law

This Law has the following annexes: a) Annex No. 1 — "Road Signs"; b) Annex No. 2 — "Road Markings"; c) Annex No. 3 — "Identification Signs to be Affixed to Vehicles"; d) Annex No. 4 — "Types of Traffic Lights"; e) Annex No. 5 — "Table for Reducing the Number of Points Allocated to a Driving Licence".
The annexes defined in paragraph 1 of this article are integral parts of this Law.

(Law of Georgia No. 711 of 21 April 2017)

Article 3. Legislation of Georgia in the Field of Road Traffic and Organization of Road Traffic

The legislation of Georgia in the field of road traffic and organization of road traffic consists of the Constitution of Georgia, international treaties and agreements, this Law, and other normative acts.

Article 4. Liability for Violating the Legislation of Georgia in the Field of Road Traffic and Organization of Road Traffic

Violation of the legislation of Georgia in the field of road traffic and organization of road traffic entails civil, criminal, and administrative liability in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 5. Terms Used in the Law

Bus — a motor vehicle designed for carrying passengers, the number of seats of which, excluding the driver's seat, exceeds 8.
Motorway — a road specially built and intended for the movement of motor vehicles, which does not serve adjacent territories and: a) which, except at temporarily established or separate locations, has separate carriageways for each direction of traffic, separated by a dividing strip not intended for traffic or, in exceptional cases, by other means; b) which does not cross at the same level any road, railway, tramway track, pedestrian path, or cycle path; c) which is marked by the road sign "Motorway".
Road train — a combination of a truck with a trailer/trailers having a maximum permissible mass exceeding 750 kg.
Car transporter — a specialized motor vehicle designed for transporting automobiles and wheeled light tractors.
Motor vehicle (automobile) — a mechanical vehicle normally used on a road for carrying persons or goods, or for towing, on a road, vehicles used for the carriage of persons or goods. This term includes trolleybuses, i.e. trackless vehicles connected to electric power lines. This term does not include mechanical vehicles such as tractors, for which use on a road for carrying persons or goods or for towing vehicles is only an auxiliary function.
Periodic technical inspection — a set of technical operations and procedures by which the technical condition of the main safety elements of a motor vehicle and the composition of harmful substances in exhaust emissions into atmospheric air are determined at a set frequency.

6¹. Roadside inspection — inspection of a vehicle in a roadside zone in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, pursuant to Article 11¹ of this Law.

Insufficient visibility — reduction of road visibility to less than 300 meters while passing through a tunnel, during the dark time of day, fog, rain, snow, and other natural phenomena.
Towing — movement of a vehicle with the help of another vehicle.
Dividing strip — a structurally separated element of a road which separates adjacent carriageways and is not intended for the movement of trackless vehicles on it.
Overtaking — passing one or more vehicles moving in the same direction in the same lane by leaving the lane occupied.
Stopping — intentional interruption of the movement of a vehicle for up to 5 minutes, or longer if necessary for the boarding/alighting of passengers or the loading/unloading of the vehicle. Intentional interruption of the movement of a vehicle in traffic flow due to requirements of technical means of road traffic organization or of a regulator shall not be considered stopping.
Road — the entire surface of a road or street open to traffic. A road may have one or several carriageways, clearly separated by a dividing strip or situated at different levels. This term may include a tramway track, sidewalk, shoulder, dividing strip, cycle path, and snow/ice sliding zone (territory).
Intersection — a crossing, merging, or branching of roads at the same level, including the territories formed by such crossing, merging, or branching. Exits from adjacent territories that meet roads shall not be considered intersections.
Giving way (not creating an obstacle) — the obligation of a road traffic participant not to continue or resume movement or not to perform a maneuver if this would force a road traffic participant having priority to suddenly change direction or speed.
Carriageway (roadway) — an element of a road intended for the movement of trackless vehicles (except sidewalks, shoulders, cycle paths, and pedestrian paths).
Additional information sign (plate) — a road sign that clarifies or limits the operation of the road sign with which it is used.
Populated area — a built-up territory where the entrance and exit are marked by appropriate road signs.
Loaded mass (actual mass) — the actual mass of a loaded vehicle at a given moment, including the driver and passengers.
Unladen mass (curb weight) — the mass of a vehicle determined by the manufacturer, without driver, passengers, or cargo, but including a full supply of fuel and a necessary set of tools.
Parking — intentional interruption of the movement of a vehicle for more than 5 minutes, unless necessary for the boarding/alighting of passengers or the loading/unloading of the vehicle.
Dark time of day — the period from dusk to dawn.
Bicycle — a vehicle having at least two wheels and propelled exclusively by the muscular energy of the person on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or hand-cranks. This term does not include wheelchairs. A bicycle with an auxiliary engine (moped-bicycle) is equated with a bicycle.
Bicycle path (cycle path) — a road or part of a road intended for bicycle movement, marked by an appropriate road sign, which is structurally separated from another road or other road elements.
Bicycle lane — a lane of the carriageway intended for bicycle movement. A bicycle lane is separated from the rest of the carriageway by a longitudinal road marking.
Instructor-teacher — a teacher of practical driving of vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law, a natural person who meets the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia.
Forced stop — interruption of the movement of a vehicle due to its technical malfunction, cargo being transported, the condition of the driver (passenger), or a hazard created by an unexpectedly arising obstacle on the road.
Quadricycle — a four-wheeled mechanical vehicle, other than a light quadricycle, whose engine power does not exceed 15 kW, and whose unladen mass exceeds 350 kg but does not exceed 400 kg, or 550 kg if it is intended for the transport of goods. In the case of an electric vehicle, the mass of the battery is not included in the unladen mass of the quadricycle. A mechanical vehicle defined by this paragraph which meets the technical specifications provided for a tricycle shall be considered a motorized tricycle.
Moped-bicycle (bicycle with auxiliary engine) — a two- or three-wheeled vehicle with an engine, the design speed of which does not exceed 25 km/h and the engine working volume of which does not exceed 50 cm³; a two- or three-wheeled electric-engine vehicle, the design speed of which does not exceed 25 km/h, and whose maximum continuous rated power of the electric motor does not exceed 4 kW; a two- or three-wheeled electric-engine vehicle, whose design speed exceeds 25 km/h but does not exceed 45 km/h, and whose maximum continuous rated power of the electric motor does not exceed 1 kW.
Design speed — the maximum speed of a vehicle determined by the manufacturer.
Container — as defined by the 1972 Customs Convention on Containers.
Maneuver — starting movement, turning right or left, making a U-turn, moving in reverse, going around an obstacle, and/or changing lane (regrouping).
Regulator — a person with authority to regulate road traffic as defined by the legislation of Georgia, who, within the limits of their competence, has the right to restrict, change direction, and/or stop the movement of a road traffic participant.
Route — a pre-established itinerary (with or without specifying stopping places) between points for the passage of buses or ground electric transport, approved by an authorized body.
Passenger — a person who is in or boarding a vehicle (is on a vehicle) or is alighting from a vehicle, but is not driving it.
Mechanical vehicle — a motor (self-propelled) vehicle, except a two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicle, a moped-bicycle, and a rail vehicle.
Drover — a leader of pack, draft, or riding animals on a road, a driver or accompanier of cattle.
Main road — a road marked with road sign 2.1 or 5.1 throughout the entire section of the sign's action zone. A road marked with road signs 1.7.1–1.7.7 shall be considered the main road at an intersection compared to a crossing (joining) road; a hard-surfaced road (with asphalt, cement-concrete or similar material, or cobblestone surface) — compared to a gravel or dirt road; a gravel road — compared to a dirt road. The presence of a hard-surfaced section immediately before the intersection on a gravel or dirt road does not equate it to a hard-surfaced road.
Adjacent territory — territory directly adjacent to a road and not intended for through traffic of vehicles (yards, residential complexes, parking lots, gas stations, institutions, etc.).
Trailer — a vehicle intended for being towed by a mechanical vehicle. This term includes semi-trailers and detachable trailers.
Ground electric transport — trolleybuses and trams.
Means of mobile communication — a device through which continuous telephone conversation can be conducted between two or more natural persons, and/or text information can be transmitted and received.
Moped — a two- or three-wheeled mechanical vehicle, whose design speed exceeds 25 km/h but does not exceed 45 km/h. Additionally, the engine working volume of a two-wheeled mechanical vehicle or of a three-wheeled mechanical vehicle with spark-ignition internal combustion engine shall not exceed 50 cm³; the maximum useful output power of other internal combustion engines of a three-wheeled mechanical vehicle shall not exceed 4 kW; the maximum continuous rated power of the electric motor of a two- or three-wheeled electric-engine mechanical vehicle shall exceed 1 kW but shall not exceed 4 kW. A light quadricycle is equated with a three-wheeled moped.
Motorized tricycle — a tricycle whose design speed exceeds 45 km/h, whose maximum power does not exceed 15 kW, and whose unladen mass exceeds 350 kg but does not exceed 400 kg, or 550 kg if it is intended for the transport of goods. In the case of an electric vehicle, the mass of the battery is not included in the unladen mass of the motorized tricycle.
Motorcycle — a two-wheeled mechanical vehicle (with or without a sidecar), whose engine working volume exceeds 50 cm³ and/or whose design speed exceeds 45 km/h.
Lane — any longitudinal strip, marked or unmarked by longitudinal road markings, into which a carriageway may be divided, which has a width sufficient for motor traffic other than motorcycles to move in one row.
Passenger car — a motor vehicle with a maximum permissible mass not exceeding 3,500 kg (except motorcycles and mopeds), whose number of seats, excluding the driver's seat, does not exceed 8.
Light quadricycle — a four-wheeled mechanical vehicle, whose design speed exceeds 25 km/h but does not exceed 45 km/h. Additionally, the engine working volume of a four-wheeled mechanical vehicle with spark-ignition internal combustion engine shall not exceed 50 cm³; the maximum useful output power of other internal combustion engines of a four-wheeled mechanical vehicle shall not exceed 4 kW; the maximum continuous rated power of the electric motor of a four-wheeled electric-engine mechanical vehicle shall not exceed 4 kW; the unladen mass of the mechanical vehicle defined in this paragraph (in the case of an electric vehicle, excluding the mass of the battery) shall not exceed 350 kg.
Light trailer — a trailer whose maximum permissible mass does not exceed 750 kg.
Driver — a natural person who drives a vehicle. A drover is equated with a driver. When conducting practical driving training (training drive) of a vehicle, an instructor-teacher is equated with a driver. A driver is also a natural person admitted by the Legal Entity of Public Law — Service Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia (hereinafter — the Agency) — to the second stage of the practical examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle and participates therein during said stage.
Driver training institution — a public or private institution, or entrepreneurial entity, which, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, carries out theoretical and/or practical training of drivers for driving vehicles of the categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law (hereinafter — training course).
Semi-trailer — a trailer designed to be coupled to an automobile in such a way that part of it rests on the automobile and a significant portion of the mass of the semi-trailer and its cargo is supported by the automobile.
Maximum permissible mass (permissible weight) — the maximum mass of a loaded vehicle declared permissible by the competent authority of the state in which the vehicle is registered.
Slow-moving vehicle — a motor vehicle whose design speed does not exceed 40 km/h, or which cannot exceed that speed, or is prohibited from exceeding it for a reason unrelated to traffic flows.
Duplication of a sign — placement of the same road sign opposite each other on a section of road in opposite directions.
Repetition of a sign — repeated placement of the main sign on the same side of the road at a certain distance.
Two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicle — a self-balancing, two-wheeled and single-axle vehicle intended for carrying one person and moving by the power of electric energy.
Organized vehicle convoy — a group consisting of three or more mechanical vehicles moving one after another in the same lane with headlights constantly on, accompanied by a lead mechanical vehicle with a flashing blue or blue and red light signal.
Railway crossing — a crossing at the same level of a road and a railway or tramway track with an independent roadbed.

58¹. Examination route — an itinerary approved by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia, on which the second stage of the practical examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle is conducted.

Road marking — a line, arrow, or other marking defined by Annex No. 2 of this Law, existing on the carriageway, on elements of road equipment, and on road structures, which establishes the rules of movement or provides the road traffic participant with information on the traffic regime.
Road traffic — relations arising between road traffic participants during their movement or positioning on a road, with or without vehicles.
Road traffic participant — a person who directly participates in road traffic as a driver, passenger, or pedestrian.
Organization of road traffic — a complex of legal and organizational-technical measures ensuring road traffic management.
Ensuring road traffic safety — activities aimed at preventing the causes of road traffic accidents and their severe consequences.
Road sign — a device of established form with an image or inscription (including in electronic form) defined by Annex No. 1 of this Law, which provides road traffic participants with information about road conditions, traffic regime, populated areas, and various objects.
Road traffic accident (accident) — an event arising during the movement of a vehicle on a road, involving said vehicle, during which a person was injured or killed, or a vehicle, cargo, structure, or other property was damaged.
International traffic — a vehicle on the territory of any state shall be considered in international traffic if it: a) belongs to a natural or legal person whose normal residence is outside that state; b) is not registered in that state; c) is temporarily imported into that state, but not exceeding the period established by its legislation.

Note: A combination of vehicles is considered to be in international traffic if at least one vehicle included therein meets the requirements defined by this paragraph.

Route vehicle — a vehicle intended for carrying passengers on a road and moving on an established route.

67¹. Lane intended for the movement of route vehicles — a lane of the carriageway intended for the movement of a route vehicle, on which the route vehicle moves either in the same or opposite direction to the general flow of vehicles. The lane intended for the movement of route vehicles is separated from the rest of the carriageway by road markings.

Braking distance — the distance traveled by a vehicle from the moment of applying the brakes to complete stop.
Agricultural machinery — a specialized wheeled or tracked mechanical vehicle intended for performing agricultural, land reclamation, or forestry work, for which carrying people or goods on a road, or towing vehicles intended for carrying people or goods on a road, is only an auxiliary function. A specialized vehicle manufactured on the basis of an automobile is not considered agricultural machinery.
Auxiliary technical means of agricultural machinery — auxiliary technical means (device) to be attached to and operated together with agricultural machinery, used for performing agricultural, land reclamation, or forestry work.
Truck — a motor vehicle intended for carrying cargo, whose maximum permissible mass exceeds 3,500 kg.
Vehicle convoy — a group consisting of two or more vehicles moving in an organized manner, one after another.
Vehicle — a device moving on a road or designed for movement on a road, which is propelled by an engine or other force.
Combination of vehicles — coupled vehicles which participate in road traffic as a single unit.
Residential zone — a built-up territory where special road traffic rules apply and where entrance and exit are marked by appropriate road signs.
Tractor unit — a mechanical vehicle intended for operation together with a semi-trailer.
Dangerous cargo — substances and/or articles which are classified into 9 classes according to the type of danger under international standards, and whose international road transport is prohibited or permitted only under certain conditions in accordance with the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).
Animal-drawn transport — a wheeled or unwheeled vehicle without an engine, which moves on a road by the power of the animal harnessed to it.
Specialized self-propelled machine — a wheeled or tracked mechanical vehicle intended for performing road construction work, whose design speed is more than 6 km/h and less than 45 km/h. A specialized vehicle manufactured on the basis of an automobile is not considered a specialized self-propelled machine.
Gross mass — the mass of a vehicle in equipped condition, loaded with cargo, driver, and passengers, the limit of which is determined by the vehicle manufacturer. The gross mass of a combination of vehicles is calculated as the sum of the gross masses of the vehicles included in the combination.
Tractor — a wheeled or tracked agricultural machine with two or more axles.
Tricycle — a motor vehicle with three symmetrically arranged wheels, whose engine working volume (if any) exceeds 50 cm³ and/or whose design speed exceeds 45 km/h.
Sidewalk — an element of a road, adjacent to the carriageway or separated from it structurally or by a lawn, intended for pedestrian movement.
Priority — the right of a road traffic participant to move in an intended direction first, compared to other road traffic participants.
Pedestrian path — a path separated from the road, intended for pedestrian movement. A pedestrian path may be marked by an appropriate road sign.
Pedestrian crossing — a section of the carriageway intended for pedestrians to cross the road and marked by road signs 5.19.1 and 5.19.2 and/or road markings 1.14.1–1.14.2. If there are no such road markings, the width of the pedestrian crossing is determined by the distance between road signs 5.19.1 and 5.19.2.
Pedestrian — a road traffic participant who moves on foot or uses rollers, a roller board, a sled, or other similar means for movement. A person pushing a baby stroller or wheelchair or another small vehicle without an engine is equated with a pedestrian, as is a person leading a bicycle, moped, or motorcycle on foot, and a person with disabilities who moves by wheelchair.
Axle load — the part of the actual mass of a vehicle that creates load on the road as a result of pressure on the axle. When determining the load on each drive or non-drive axle, structurally separated axles located on the same line in the transverse section of the vehicle shall be considered as a single axle.
Restricted visibility — a circumstance in which a sharp bend, end of an upgrade, vegetation, roadside structure, or obstacle on the road reduces road visibility in the direction of movement to such an extent that movement at the maximum permitted speed on the given section of the road may create a hazard.
Articulated bus — a bus consisting of sections. Unrestricted movement of passengers between the sections of such a bus must be possible. The connection and disconnection of these sections is permissible only by factory methods.
Traffic light — an electrical device defined by Annex No. 3 of this Law, used for regulating road traffic on a road by colored light signals.
Main sign — a road sign whose placement is necessary due to the requirements of road traffic organization.
Snow/ice sliding zone (territory) — a snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track), as well as other place, whose respective boundaries are approved by the Government of Georgia or a body authorized by the Government of Georgia, and which are controlled and administered by a person authorized by the Government of Georgia.
Snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track) — any type of snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track), snowmobile/snow sled path, as well as adjacent sliding terrain (edges and features of banks), whose respective boundaries are approved by the Government of Georgia or a body authorized by the Government of Georgia, and which are controlled and administered by a person authorized by the Government of Georgia.
User of a sliding track — a road traffic participant who uses the snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track) for walking on foot and sliding, including moving by skis, snowboard, sled, snow bicycle, toboggan, or any other means of snow/ice sliding.
Snowmobile — a motorized, tracked, or other type of vehicle intended for movement on snow/ice, controlled by a steering mechanism or a device with a "joystick", including snow sleds, any snowmobile vehicles, snow-packing tractors, or other special-purpose machines (specialized equipment).
Snow sled — an open-type motorized vehicle intended for movement on snow/ice, which is controlled by a steering mechanism.
Snow sled path — a road or part of a road intended for movement by snow sled, marked with the appropriate sign, which is structurally separated from other roads or other road elements.

(Amendments by Laws of Georgia from 2016 through 2024)

Chapter II — Organization of Road Traffic and Ensuring Road Traffic Safety

Article 6. Ensuring Road Traffic Safety

Means of ensuring road traffic safety are: a) regulation of motor transport, ground electric transport, and road management activities; b) organization of road traffic; c) material and financial support for road traffic safety measures; d) organization of the study by persons of road traffic safety rules and requirements; e) development of a complex of medical support measures for road traffic safety; f) certification of vehicles, related products, and road management activities in accordance with the procedure established by the Code on Product Safety and Free Movement; g) development of rules, standards, technical norms, and other normative acts related to road traffic safety matters, and their approval in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, as well as state supervision and control over their implementation.

Article 7. Powers of the Executive Authority of Georgia and Municipal Bodies in the Field of Organizing Road Traffic and Ensuring Road Traffic Safety

State supervision and control in the field of ensuring road traffic safety shall be exercised by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia and the relevant agencies within the limits of their competence, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.
The powers of the executive authority of Georgia in the field of organizing road traffic and ensuring road traffic safety are: a) participation in formulating a unified state policy on the territory of Georgia in the field of ensuring road traffic safety; b) creation of the legal basis for ensuring road traffic safety established by this Law; c) creation of a unified system of rules, standards, technical norms, and other normative acts related to matters of ensuring road traffic safety; d) state supervision, control, and implementation of appropriate preventive measures in the field of road traffic safety and activities in this field; e) implementation of international treaties and agreements of Georgia in the field of ensuring road traffic safety; f) exercise of other powers determined by the legislation of Georgia.
Municipal bodies, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, shall independently resolve issues of ensuring road traffic safety within the limits of their competence.
In cases provided for by the Code of Administrative Offences of Georgia and the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia, when there are grounds for transferring a vehicle to a special or other protected parking lot, the procedure for selecting and using such services to ensure the achievement of said purpose shall be determined by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
In order to avoid disruption of road traffic, the procedure for organizing queues of trucks at border crossing points of sections of the land state border of Georgia shall be established by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
The safety rules for the use of (movement/sliding) of a sliding track in a snow/ice sliding zone (territory) shall be established by the body authorized by the Government of Georgia.

Article 8. Organization of State Registration of Main Indicators of the State of Road Traffic Safety

State registration of the main indicators of the state of road traffic safety shall be conducted on the territory of Georgia. These indicators are: the number of road traffic accidents and persons injured in such accidents, the number of mechanical vehicles and drivers, the number of violators of road traffic rules, administrative offences and criminal offences in road traffic, as well as other indicators reflecting the state of road traffic safety and activities to ensure it.
The policy of state registration in the field of ensuring road traffic safety and its implementation are based on the state registration system.
The procedure for conducting state registration in the field of ensuring road traffic safety, use of registration data, and creation of reporting data shall be established by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 9. Programs for Ensuring Road Traffic Safety

To implement state policy in the field of ensuring road traffic safety, state and local programs shall be created that provide for reducing the number of road traffic accidents and the damage caused by such accidents.
State programs for ensuring road traffic safety shall be approved by the Government of Georgia.
Local programs for ensuring road traffic safety shall be approved by the relevant authorized bodies of the municipalities.
State and local programs for ensuring road traffic safety shall be financed from the relevant budgets.

Article 10. Main Requirements for Ensuring Road Traffic Safety during Vehicle Operation

The technical condition of a vehicle participating in road traffic must ensure road traffic safety.
The owner of the vehicle or the person operating the vehicle shall be responsible for the technical soundness of the vehicle participating in road traffic.

Article 11. Periodic Technical Inspection

A motor vehicle in operation on the territory of Georgia and registered in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia is subject to periodic technical inspection at inspection centers accredited in the relevant field by the Legal Entity of Public Law — Unified National Accreditation Body — Accreditation Center (hereinafter — Accreditation Center) (hereinafter — Inspection Center).
Periodic technical inspection may be conducted at any Inspection Center, regardless of the place of registration of the motor vehicle or the legal address of the person.
Accreditation of Inspection Centers is carried out in accordance with the rules and procedures of the accreditation system approved by the Accreditation Center.
Requirements for buildings, equipment, and technical qualifications of personnel of Inspection Centers are determined by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.
Requirements for periodic technical inspection, its frequency, and fees are determined by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.
The requirements for periodic technical inspection include technical requirements for compliance with which periodic technical inspection is conducted, as well as the form of confirmation of its passage by a motor vehicle, its frequency, and fees for various categories of motor vehicles.
The Inspection Center specified in paragraph 1 of this article is fully responsible for the confirmation of the passage of periodic technical inspection and its lawfulness.
Liability for driving a motor vehicle without passing periodic technical inspection is determined by the legislation of Georgia.
The Inspection Center is obliged to provide information on activities related to periodic technical inspection in the requested form to the Accreditation Center, as well as, within the limits of their authority, to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia and to the Legal Entity of Public Law — Land Transport Agency — included in the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia. The Accreditation Center is authorized, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, to evaluate the Inspection Center, including by video monitoring and by visiting the site at any time, while the Legal Entity of Public Law — Land Transport Agency — included in the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia, is authorized, in accordance with the legislation of Georgia, to monitor the periodic technical inspection process, including by video monitoring and by visiting the site at any time.
To ensure the proper monitoring of the periodic technical inspection process and the monitoring of the activities of the Inspection Center, the Director of the Legal Entity of Public Law — Land Transport Agency — included in the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia shall, in compliance with the requirements of the legislative acts of Georgia, approve by order the procedure for monitoring the periodic technical inspection process (including video monitoring) and monitoring the activities of the Inspection Center.

Article 11¹. Roadside Inspection

Vehicles of categories "M2", "M3", "N1", "N2", "N3", "O3", "O4" are subject to roadside inspection, which means the inspection of the vehicle in the roadside zone; in particular, the following issues are checked: a) compliance with the rules of transporting dangerous cargo; b) compliance with driver's working and rest regime, and use of the electronic card of the control device (tachograph); c) technical soundness of the vehicle; d) compliance with rules for securing cargo on the body; e) compliance with rules for using relevant permit documents related to international road transport; f) compliance with rules for installation and calibration of control devices (tachographs) and speed-limiting devices; g) mass and dimensions of the vehicle.
Roadside inspection is carried out with the assistance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia by an authorized person of the Legal Entity of Public Law — Land Transport Agency — included in the system of the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia. The procedure for roadside inspection is determined by a resolution of the Government of Georgia.
Violations of the relevant requirements defined by the normative acts of Georgia regarding the issues provided for in subparagraphs (a)–(f) of paragraph 1 of this article are divided, according to severity, into first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree violations. Such qualitative division of these violations is determined by a resolution of the Government of Georgia.

Article 12. Prohibition of Vehicle Operation

For the purpose of road traffic safety, the following is prohibited: a) operation of a motor vehicle in the presence of defects of vehicles established by the Government of Georgia; b) driving a motor vehicle whose windows are tinted or whose light transmission is otherwise limited in violation of the rules established by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia; c) driving, during the period and at the places/road sections defined by the legislation of Georgia, a vehicle, any wheel of which is not equipped with a winter tire of appropriate characteristics; d) driving, taking into account meteorological conditions, during the period and at the places/road sections defined by the legislation of Georgia, a vehicle, any wheel of which is not equipped with a winter tire of appropriate characteristics, and on at least two driving wheels of which anti-skid chains of appropriate characteristics are not fastened.
The restriction established by subparagraph (b) of paragraph 1 of this article does not apply to motor vehicles whose list is established by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

Article 13. Restriction or Temporary Suspension of Vehicle Movement on a Road

Restriction or temporary suspension of vehicle movement on a road shall be carried out: a) in case of malfunction of a highway, under conditions of limited visibility, during natural phenomena, natural disasters, accidents, catastrophes, or other disasters, to ensure road traffic safety, protection of human life, health, and property, by executive authority bodies of Georgia and relevant municipal bodies within the limits of their authority; b) for carrying out certain operational-search and investigative actions; c) in other cases defined by the legislation of Georgia.
In cases provided for in subparagraphs (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of this article, the driver of a vehicle is obliged, upon request, to present to the authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia only an identity document for inspection.

Activities related to the organization of road traffic shall be carried out on the basis of the complex use of technical means regulated by the legislation of Georgia and provided for by projects and schemes of road traffic organization.
Making changes in road traffic organization for the purpose of increasing road capacity or other purposes at the expense of reducing road traffic safety is not allowed.

Article 15. Main Requirements for Ensuring Road Traffic Safety during Road Design, Construction, Reconstruction, and Repair

To ensure road traffic safety on the territory of Georgia, road design, construction, reconstruction, and repair shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.
Constructed, reconstructed, and repaired roads shall be accepted for operation in compliance with construction norms and rules, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.
The customer is responsible for the quality of road construction, reconstruction, and repair.
After the constructed, reconstructed, and repaired road is accepted for operation, the owner of this road is responsible for its technical condition.

Article 16. Environmental Protection Requirements

The driver must ensure that the vehicle in his possession causes minimal damage to the environment.
Washing of vehicles in the sea, lake, reservoir, river, other surface water bodies, and within 10 meters of their shores from the water, is prohibited.
A road traffic participant is prohibited from: a) littering or otherwise polluting the road surface and the adjacent territory of the road; b) polluting the environment with fuel and lubricants; c) driving a vehicle in case of leakage of a substance that pollutes the environment.
To ensure road traffic safety and protect the environment, the technical condition of a vehicle participating in road traffic must comply with the technical requirements for vehicles established by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 16¹. Additional Requirements for Ensuring Road Traffic Safety during Vehicle Movement during the Period and at Places/Road Sections Defined by the Legislation of Georgia

During the movement of a vehicle during the winter period (from 1 December to 1 March) at places/road sections determined by the Government of Georgia, all its wheels must be equipped with winter tires of appropriate characteristics.
In exceptional cases, taking into account meteorological conditions, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia, a period different from the period provided for in paragraph 1 of this article may be established.
In the case provided for in paragraphs 1 or 2 of this article, in the presence of particular meteorological conditions, an authorized unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia may establish an additional requirement for attaching anti-skid chains of appropriate characteristics to at least two driving wheels of a vehicle.
The appropriate characteristics of winter tires and anti-skid chains provided for in this article, the procedure for determining the compliance of said winter tires and anti-skid chains with these characteristics, and the places/road sections where, during the winter period (from 1 December to 1 March), the movement of a vehicle in violation of the requirements of this article is not permitted, shall be determined by a resolution of the Government of Georgia.

To ensure road traffic safety, only after obtaining a permit, authorization, or consent from a relevant authorized body (agency) or by agreement with such body (agency), the following activities are permitted in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia:

a) development of schemes for the organization of road traffic; b) development of projects for construction, reconstruction, and repair of roads and road structures; c) installation of a kiosk and placement of other objects directly adjacent to a road that may impair visibility and/or obstruct the movement of drivers and pedestrians; d) regular passenger transportation on established routes (including regular passenger transportation within the administrative boundaries of a municipality); d¹) transportation by passenger car — taxi (M1 category) — in the capital city of Georgia; e) holding of mass, sporting, and other events on a road; f) modification of a vehicle, installation on it of a special flashing light signal and/or sound signal and/or special loudspeaker device, and/or giving the vehicle a special coloring, and/or drawing tilted white stripes on the sides of the vehicle body; g) movement of oversized (large-size) or overweight (heavy-weight) vehicles on a road; h) movement of vehicles carrying dangerous cargo; i) performance of any type of work on a road that changes the existing organization of road traffic, the established speed regime of vehicles, or obstructs the movement of road traffic participants on a particular section of the road; j) other activities determined by the legislation of Georgia.

Article 18. Obligations of an Enterprise Operating Vehicles and of Persons Officially Responsible for Compliance with Road Traffic Safety Requirements

An enterprise that operates vehicles on the territory of Georgia is obliged to: a) observe the driver's working and rest regime established by the legislation of Georgia; b) ensure that the technical condition of the vehicle complies with the technical requirements for vehicles established by the legislation of Georgia, and not allow the operation of a defective vehicle; c) not allow, without agreement with the relevant authorized body (agency) in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, the movement of its oversized (large-size) or overweight (heavy-weight) vehicle or vehicle carrying dangerous cargo on a road; d) affix identification signs to operating vehicles in accordance with the requirements established by paragraph 1 of Article 19 of this Law; e) comply with other requirements established by the legislation of Georgia.
A person officially responsible for the admission and technical condition of a vehicle is prohibited from: a) allowing operation of a technically defective vehicle whose operation is prohibited, as well as a vehicle that has been modified in violation of established rules, or is not registered in the established manner, and/or has not undergone periodic technical inspection (except in cases of exception established by the legislation of Georgia); b) allowing a person who is in a state of alcoholic, narcotic, or psychotropic intoxication to drive a vehicle and/or a person whose state of health does not comply with the requirements established for driving, posing a threat to road traffic, as well as a person who does not have the right to drive a vehicle of the given category or subcategory; c) allowing a tracked mechanical vehicle on roads with asphalt and cement-concrete surfaces.
A person officially responsible for the condition of a road, railway crossing, or other road structure is obliged to: a) maintain the road, railway crossing, and other road structure in a condition safe for traffic; b) take measures to promptly eliminate obstacles created for traffic, as well as to prohibit or limit traffic on certain sections of the road if using such road endangers road traffic.
A person officially responsible for the performance of work on a road is obliged to: a) ensure traffic safety at the location where work is being performed on the road. Equip this location, as well as road construction machinery, construction materials, structures, etc. parked there that are not removed beyond the carriageway, with appropriate road signs, warning and barrier devices, and during the dark time of day or under conditions of insufficient visibility — with additional red and yellow warning lights; b) at any time of day or night, not allow persons performing repair or construction work on the road to work without clothing visible at long distance, phosphorescent, and reflective; c) upon completion of work, ensure the safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians on the road.

Article 19. Identification Signs to be Affixed to a Vehicle

The driver, and in cases provided for in subparagraph (d) of paragraph 1 of Article 18 of this Law — the enterprise — is obliged to affix the following identification signs to the vehicles defined in this paragraph: a) "Road train" — three orange lights arranged horizontally above the cab, spaced 150 to 300 mm apart — affixed to road trains and articulated buses; b) "Studs" — white equilateral triangle pointing upward with a red border containing a black letter "კ" (side of triangle at least 200 mm, border width — 1/10 of side) — affixed to the rear of a vehicle equipped with studded tires; c) "Dangerous cargo" — a rectangular orange plate of 400×300 mm with a 15 mm black border around it — on the front and rear of the vehicle carrying such cargo, and in the case of a tank — also on the sides (the lower part of the plate must indicate the United Nations number of the cargo, and the upper part — the hazard identification number. They must be separated by a 15 mm thick black horizontal line crossing the plate at half its height); d) "Oversized (large-size) cargo" — a 400×400 mm board with alternating 50 mm wide red and white reflective stripes drawn diagonally — affixed to the front and rear of oversized (large-size) vehicles and vehicles defined in paragraph 13 of Article 47 of this Law; e) "Long vehicle" — a yellow rectangle of at least 1200×200 mm with a 40 mm wide red reflective border — affixed to the rear of an oversized (large-size) vehicle whose length with or without cargo exceeds 20 meters, as well as to a combination of vehicles containing two or more trailers. If affixing a sign of said size is not possible, affixing two identical signs of at least 600×200 mm symmetrically to the axis of the vehicle is permitted; f) "Carrying children" — a yellow square with a red border (side of square at least 250 mm, border width — 1/10 of side), symbol of road sign 1.24 in black — affixed to the front and rear of a bus carrying groups of children; g) "Hearing-impaired driver" — a yellow circle 160 mm in diameter with three black circles 40 mm in diameter inscribed inside, arranged at the corners of an imaginary equilateral triangle pointing downward — affixed to the front and rear of a mechanical vehicle driven by a hearing-impaired driver as defined by a joint order of the Minister of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia and the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia; h) "Training vehicle" — a white isosceles triangle pointing upward with a red border, containing a black letter "ს" (side of triangle at least 200 mm, border width — 1/10 of side) — affixed to the front and rear of a training vehicle. It is also permissible to install a double-sided sign on the roof of a passenger car; i) "Speed limit" — a reduced color image of road sign 3.24 indicating the permitted speed (diameter of sign at least 160 mm, border width — 1/10 of diameter) — affixed to the left rear of the body of an oversized (large-size) or dangerous cargo-carrying vehicle driven by a driver with less than 2 years of experience, and also when the maximum speed of the vehicle under technical specifications is less than that determined by paragraph 7 of Article 33 of this Law.
At the discretion of the driver, the following identification signs may be affixed to a vehicle: a) "Person with disability" — a yellow square with a 150 mm side and the symbol of road sign 8.17 in black — may be affixed to the front and rear of a mechanical vehicle driven by a person with significantly expressed disability status or a person with severely expressed disability status, or to a vehicle in which said person(s) is being transported, except where the municipality has determined an appropriate identification sign and defined the persons authorized to receive this sign; b) "Doctor" — a blue square with a 140 mm side with a white circle of 125 mm diameter inscribed in it, on which a red cross is depicted (height — 90 mm, stroke width — 25 mm) — may be affixed to a vehicle driven by a doctor; c) "Distinguishing sign of the state of registration" — an identifying sign of a vehicle registered in Georgia when in international traffic. The sign is oval in shape, with axes of at least 0.175 m × 0.115 m in length. The sign contains the international code of Georgia "GE". The height of the Latin letters is at least 0.08 m. They are depicted with strokes of at least 0.01 m wide. The letters are applied with black paint on a white background (the white background may be made of reflective material). The sign must be affixed to the vehicle in such a way that it is not perceived as a registration number (state license plate) and its reading is not impaired.
The identification signs to be affixed to vehicles defined in this article are depicted in Annex No. 3 of this Law.

Chapter III — Road Traffic Rules

Article 20. Certain Rights and Duties of a Road Traffic Participant

A road traffic participant has the right, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia, to: a) move freely and without hindrance on a road; b) receive from authorized state bodies and relevant municipal bodies, as well as other authorized persons:
- information about road traffic safety conditions on the road;
- information about the reasons for imposing restrictions on or suspension of traffic on the road;
- information about the quality of products and services related to ensuring road traffic safety;
- primary medical, rescue, and other assistance during a road traffic accident; c) appeal actions of an official authorized in the field of ensuring road traffic safety.
The exercise of rights by a road traffic participant must not limit or violate the rights of other road traffic participants. A road traffic participant must not, by his/her actions, create a danger or obstacle to road traffic. He/she must not endanger people and must not cause damage to state, public, or private property.
A road traffic participant must not, by placing, dumping, or leaving objects on the road or creating any other obstacle on it, restrict road traffic and/or create a danger. A road traffic participant who, for objective reasons, has been unable to avoid creating such a restriction or such a danger, must immediately take necessary measures to avoid it, and if this cannot be done immediately, must ensure timely warning of other road traffic participants.
It is prohibited to hand over the driving of a vehicle to a person who is in a state of alcoholic, narcotic, or psychotropic intoxication.
It is prohibited to hand over the driving of a vehicle to a person who does not have the right to drive a vehicle of the relevant category or subcategory, or whose right has been suspended, revoked, or terminated (cancelled) in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.
It is prohibited to open the door of a vehicle until it has come to a complete stop. Opening the door must not create an obstacle or danger to other road traffic participants. On the carriageway, cycle path, or bicycle lane side, the vehicle door must not be open for longer than necessary for passenger boarding/alighting. Boarding/alighting of passengers from the side of the carriageway or from the rear of the vehicle is permitted only if this does not create a danger to other road traffic participants.
A road traffic participant is obliged to comply with the requirements established by the legislation of Georgia related to road traffic safety.

Article 21. General Duties of a Driver / User of a Sliding Track

Every moving vehicle and every combination of vehicles must be driven by a driver.
A driver whose state of health does not comply with the health requirements necessary for driving a vehicle is prohibited from driving a vehicle.
A driver must have the necessary knowledge and skills for driving a vehicle. If driving a vehicle is permitted only after obtaining the right to drive in the manner defined by the legislation of Georgia, a driver is prohibited from driving a vehicle of the given category or subcategory without having obtained the right to drive, as well as in case of suspension, revocation, or termination (cancellation) of this right.

3¹. A driver is prohibited from carrying passengers when driving a vehicle, if he/she has been deprived, on the basis of a court sentence under the Law of Georgia "On Combating Crimes against Sexual Freedom and Inviolability", of the right to carry passengers by vehicle, including public transport.

If a minimum age limit for the driver is established for granting the right to drive a vehicle, driving a vehicle is permitted only after reaching the established age.
A driver is obliged to know the rules of road traffic, as well as be aware of factors that affect the driver's actions, such as fatigue, lack of sleep, taking medical preparations, consumption of alcohol, etc.
A driver must exercise special caution towards such road traffic participants as pedestrians (especially children, the elderly, persons with disabilities) and cyclists. A driver is obliged in all cases to give way to a blind pedestrian moving with a white cane or accompanied by a guide dog.

6¹. On a snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track), a user of a sliding track is prohibited from violating safety rules.

A driver must ensure that his/her vehicle does not create an obstacle for other road traffic participants having priority.
When driving a vehicle, the driver must avoid any actions unrelated to driving. The driver is prohibited from using a mobile communication device while driving a vehicle. This prohibition does not apply to cases where the driver uses a headset of the mobile communication device or the hands-free (or remote) speaking function of the mobile communication device and has both hands free to drive the vehicle.
The driver is obliged, when driving a mechanical vehicle (except for vehicles whose design does not provide for safety belts), to use a safety belt in the established manner and to ensure the use of a safety belt by a passenger sitting to his/her right or left, or by a passenger of at least 16 years old sitting in the rear seat of the vehicle who has on his/her lap a child up to 3 years of age.
Before passing under a bridge, overpass, high-voltage power line, or through a tunnel or other similar place, the driver of a bus or truck is obliged to make sure that the passage of the vehicle is safe.
The driver of a moped, motorcycle, two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicle, or bicycle is obliged to move on the road in such a way that all wheels of the vehicle touch the surface of the road.
The driver is obliged to check, before starting a trip, and to ensure, during the trip, the technical soundness of the vehicle.
The driver is prohibited from moving with a faulty working brake system, steering mechanism, hitch device in a combination of vehicles, as well as during the dark time of day with simultaneously malfunctioning (extinguished) low and high beam headlamps (or in their absence) and/or rear tail lights on a road which is not artificially lit or has insufficient visibility. When the windshield wiper on the driver's side is inoperative, driving a mechanical vehicle in fog, rain, or snow is prohibited.
In the event of a malfunction on the road, different from that defined in paragraph 13 of this article, during which the operation of a vehicle may affect traffic safety, the driver is obliged to eliminate it on the spot, and if this is impossible, he/she must, in the manner defined by this Law and with all necessary precautions, move the vehicle to a parking lot or repair place.
Driving a vehicle in a state of alcoholic, narcotic, or psychotropic intoxication, or under the influence of a medical preparation that reduces reaction and attention, is prohibited.

15¹. On a snow/ice sliding slope and/or road (track), a user of a sliding track is prohibited from sliding, and driving a snowmobile, in a state of alcoholic, narcotic, or psychotropic intoxication, or under the influence of a medical preparation that reduces reaction and attention.

If there are sufficient grounds that the driver/user of a sliding track is in a state of alcoholic, narcotic, or psychotropic intoxication, the driver/user of a sliding track is obliged, upon the request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, to undergo an inspection to determine intoxication/sobriety, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia.
The driver of a vehicle of the category or subcategory defined in Article 54 of this Law is obliged to have with him/her and, upon request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, to stop the vehicle and present to said person: a) a document confirming the right to drive a vehicle of the category or subcategory he/she is driving, valid on the territory of Georgia, as well as a document confirming the registration of this vehicle (unless otherwise provided by the legislation of Georgia); b) a duly certified translation of the document(s) defined in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph, if the data in said document(s) is not executed in Georgian or Latin letters; c) a document confirming authority to own, dispose of, or use the given vehicle — in the absence of the owner, when crossing the state border with his/her vehicle or moving into a territory of the country where the jurisdiction of Georgia does not extend.
The driver of a vehicle of the category or subcategory defined in Article 54 of this Law, in international traffic on the territory of Georgia, is obliged to affix to the vehicle the registration number and distinguishing sign of the state (except when the distinguishing sign of the state is applied to the state registration number) where the vehicle is registered. Additionally, he/she is obliged to have with him/her and, upon request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, to stop the vehicle and present to said person: a) a document confirming the right to drive a vehicle of the category or subcategory he/she is driving, valid on the territory of Georgia, as well as a document confirming the registration of this vehicle; b) a duly certified translation of the document(s) defined in subparagraph (a) of this paragraph, if the data in said document(s) is not executed in Georgian or Latin letters; c) a document confirming authority to own, dispose of, or use the given vehicle — in the absence of the owner, when crossing the state border with his/her vehicle or moving into a territory of the country where the jurisdiction of Georgia does not extend.
A driver participating in international traffic is obliged to ensure movement with a technically sound control device (tachograph) in accordance with the requirements established by the European Agreement concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles engaged in International Road Transport (AETR), as well as compliance with the working and rest regime.
In addition to the documents defined in paragraphs 17 and 18 of this article, the driver of an oversized (large-size) or overweight (heavy-weight) vehicle or a vehicle carrying dangerous cargo is obliged to have with him/her and, upon request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, to present a document confirming agreement with the authorized body (agency) on the movement of such a mechanical vehicle, or permission to drive it.
The driver is obliged to obey the lawful demands of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
The driver is obliged to strictly perform the duties imposed on him/her by the legislation of Georgia.

Pack, draft, or riding animals, as well as cattle being driven on a road, must have a drover who continuously ensures their control. Driving cattle on a road is permitted from the age of 16.
Control of animals moving on a road, as well as of animal-drawn transport, must be carried out as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway or on the shoulder (if this does not impede pedestrians), in a single row, in the direction of movement.
Animal-drawn transport must have a serviceable stand brake device provided for by the design and anti-roll supports, and also be equipped with lights in the manner established by this Law.
Convoys of pack and riding animals, as well as animal-drawn transport, when moving on the carriageway, must be divided into groups, but not more than 10 pack and riding animals and 5 animal-drawn transport in each. The distance between groups must be 80–100 meters to facilitate overtaking.
The drover of animal-drawn transport, when leaving from an adjacent territory or secondary road onto a place with poor visibility, must lead the animals by the reins.
Driving of cattle on a road should, as a rule, be carried out during the light time of day.
When driving cattle across a railway, all cattle (taking into account the number of drovers) must be divided into groups to ensure the safe driving of each group.
A drover is prohibited from: a) leaving animals on a road unattended; b) driving animals across a railway, except at places specifically designated for this purpose, as well as during the dark time of day or under conditions of insufficient visibility (except for crossings at different levels); c) driving animals on roads with asphalt and cement-concrete surfaces, in the presence of another road; d) carrying out other unlawful actions defined by the legislation of Georgia.
If, as a result of a road traffic accident, an animal that was on the road unattended or in violation of the rules of grazing or driving was killed or injured, the driver is released from the obligation to compensate for the damage caused by its death or injury.

Article 23. General Duties of a Passenger

A passenger is obliged to board and alight from a vehicle only after it has come to a complete stop, from the side of the sidewalk or shoulder, and if this is impossible — from the side of the carriageway, if this will not create an obstacle to other road traffic participants.
A passenger is prohibited from: a) distracting the driver's attention during the driving of the moving vehicle; b) interfering with the driver's control of the vehicle; c) standing in the body, sitting on the side, or placing cargo on the side when traveling by truck with a side platform; d) opening the door of a moving vehicle; e) carrying out other unlawful actions defined by the legislation of Georgia.

Except in cases provided for by this Law, a pedestrian must not use the carriageway for movement. When moving on the carriageway, he/she must exercise maximum caution, must not unduly delay and must not complicate the movement of vehicles.
If there is a pedestrian path, sidewalk, or roadside suitable for pedestrian movement at the edge of the carriageway, the pedestrian must use it, while observing necessary precautions: a) a pedestrian carrying a bulky object may move at the edge of the carriageway, if his/her movement on the pedestrian path, sidewalk, or roadside would obstruct other pedestrians; b) groups of pedestrians moving in an organized manner or in a procession may walk on the carriageway; however, their movement on the carriageway is permitted only in the direction of vehicle movement, on the right side, in a row of no more than four persons. A group of pedestrians must be accompanied, in front and at the rear, on the left side, by escorts with red flags, and during the dark time of day or in conditions of insufficient visibility — with lit lanterns (in front — white, at the rear — red).
The provisions of paragraph 2 of this article do not apply to a person with disabilities moving by wheelchair. He/she has the right in any case to move along the edge of the carriageway.
In the absence of a pedestrian path, sidewalk, and roadside, or if their use is impossible, a pedestrian has the right to move on the carriageway. In the presence of a cycle path, a pedestrian has the right to move on it if the intensity of traffic allows, however he/she must not complicate the movement of bicycles and other vehicles for which movement on the cycle path is permitted.
In an unpopulated area, on a two-way road that does not have a dividing strip and sidewalk, a pedestrian must occupy the roadside located on the side opposite to the direction of movement, and in the absence of such, or if its use is impossible — the left side of the carriageway, and move opposite to the direction of movement (except where, in the given situation, it is safer to move on the right side of the carriageway in the direction of movement), but a person leading a bicycle, moped, or motorcycle on foot, as well as a person with disabilities moving by wheelchair, must, for the purpose of movement, occupy the right side of the carriageway. To ensure traffic safety, in particular under conditions of poor visibility or high traffic intensity, pedestrians (except in cases of processional walking) moving on the carriageway should, where possible, move in a single file.
In the cases provided for in paragraphs 2, 4, and 5 of this article, when moving on the carriageway, the pedestrian must be as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway.
When crossing at a pedestrian crossing: a) if there is a traffic light intended for pedestrians at the crossing, the pedestrian must comply with the requirements of the light signals of this traffic light; b) if there is no traffic light intended for pedestrians at the crossing, or it is not working, but the movement of vehicles is regulated by a traffic light or a regulator, the pedestrian must not enter the carriageway until the signals of the traffic light or regulator permit the movement of vehicles on this carriageway.
A pedestrian must cross the carriageway at a pedestrian crossing, including at elevated and underground crossings, and in the absence of such — at an intersection, along the line of the sidewalk or roadside. If there is no pedestrian crossing or intersection in the zone of visibility, crossing the road is permitted perpendicular to the axis of the carriageway, in a section where there is no dividing strip or barrier and the road is well visible from both sides. Where there is no pedestrian crossing, the pedestrian must not enter the carriageway before determining the distance to an approaching vehicle, its speed, and being convinced of the safety of the crossing.
When crossing the carriageway, the pedestrian must not emerge from the front of a stopped vehicle or other obstacle limiting visibility until he/she has made sure that no vehicle is approaching.
After entering the carriageway, the pedestrian must not delay crossing, must not linger or stop on it, if this is not related to ensuring traffic safety. A pedestrian who has failed to cross the road must stop on the safety island, on the dividing strip or line separating vehicles moving in opposite directions, and must continue crossing only after being convinced of the safety of further movement, taking into account the signals of the traffic light or regulator.
A pedestrian must refrain from crossing the carriageway when a vehicle with a blue flashing special light signal and a special sound signal is approaching, and a pedestrian on the carriageway must give way to such a vehicle and/or immediately vacate the carriageway.
A pedestrian who uses rollers, a roller board, a self-rolling device, a sled, or other similar means, must not create a danger for persons moving by wheelchair or pedestrians on the sidewalk or pedestrian path.
Waiting for a route vehicle or a taxi is permitted only on an elevated boarding platform of the carriageway, and in its absence — on the sidewalk or roadside. Emerging from the stopping point (stop) of an elevated boarding platform onto the carriageway for boarding the vehicle is permitted only after it has stopped. When alighting from a vehicle, the pedestrian must immediately vacate the carriageway.
A pedestrian is prohibited from moving along the dividing strip of a two-way road or along it, if there is no sidewalk on it.
Regulated and unregulated pedestrian crossings shall be interpreted analogously to paragraph 2 of Article 36 of this Law.

Article 25. Rules of Behavior of a Driver towards Pedestrians and Certain Circumstances to be Considered by the Driver when Driving a Vehicle

When moving on a road, the driver must not perform actions that create a danger to pedestrians.
At a pedestrian crossing, in compliance with the requirements established by paragraph 6 of Article 21, paragraph 2 of Article 33, and paragraph 11 of Article 34 of this Law, the following requirements must be fulfilled: a) if the movement of vehicles is regulated by a traffic light or regulator, during the prohibiting signal of movement, the driver must stop in front of the pedestrian crossing or in front of the transverse marking located before it, and when he/she receives the right to continue movement, must not obstruct and must not create a danger to pedestrians who have entered the pedestrian crossing. If the driver is performing a turn to enter another road near the entrance to which there is a pedestrian crossing, he/she must perform this turn only at low speed, and if necessary, must stop and let pass pedestrians who have entered or are entering the crossing; b) if the movement of vehicles is not regulated either by a traffic light or by a regulator, when approaching a pedestrian crossing, the driver must reduce speed appropriately in order not to endanger pedestrians who have entered or are entering this crossing, and if necessary, must stop and let the pedestrians pass.
In compliance with the requirements established by paragraph 2 of Article 20 and paragraph 11 of Article 34 of this Law, in the absence of a pedestrian crossing marked on the carriageway with appropriate road markings, road signs, or traffic lights, a driver performing a turn to enter another road is obliged to give way to pedestrians who have entered the carriageway of this road. He/she must exercise special caution towards pedestrians who cross the carriageway for boarding a route vehicle or after alighting from it.
A driver intending to bypass a route vehicle stopped at a designated stop from the appropriate direction of movement must reduce speed and, if necessary, stop in order to ensure the possibility of safe boarding or alighting of passengers from public transport.
The driver of a vehicle who, in cases defined by this Law, has the right to enter places intended for pedestrian movement, is obliged to exercise maximum caution and move at low speed in order to stop if necessary.
The driver must not enter a pedestrian crossing unless he/she has previously made sure that he/she will not be forced to stop on it.
When exiting from an adjacent territory onto a road or entering such territory from a road, the driver must give way to pedestrians.
When moving alongside a stopped vehicle on the road, the driver must exercise special caution towards vehicles with switched-on external lighting devices or open doors, in order to, if necessary, promptly ensure the avoidance of danger arising from the sudden appearance of pedestrians and children on the road.
If a route vehicle has stopped or slowed down before an unregulated pedestrian crossing, drivers of other vehicles moving in adjacent lanes must continue to move only after they have made sure that there are no pedestrians in front of the stopped route vehicle.
When moving on the road, the driver must take into account the following circumstances: a) in conditions of insufficient or limited visibility, the driver must reduce speed and increase the distance between his/her vehicle and the vehicle in front; b) when moving from a lit section of road to a dark section, the eye slowly adjusts to the darkness, as a result of which a possible obstacle in front of the driver is difficult to notice; c) at night, when moving on a poorly or unevenly lit section of road, it is difficult for road traffic participants to notice each other; c¹) during movement in the winter period, the probability of skidding is high (especially if the vehicle is equipped with summer tires). Accordingly, the driver must take into account the need to equip all wheels of the vehicle with winter tires, and in exceptional cases, taking into account meteorological conditions, also the need to attach anti-skid chains to at least two driving wheels of the vehicle; d) on an icy section of road, the driver must, as far as possible, avoid braking, speed changes, and sharp direction changes. Additionally, the driver must be aware that roads are most often icy on bridges, overpasses, and viaducts; e) since during movement in rain and snow the time and distance needed for braking the vehicle increases, and precipitation worsens visibility, the driver must reduce speed and increase the distance between his/her vehicle and the vehicle in front; f) at the beginning of rain, the road surface becomes muddy and creates a risk of skidding, so the driver must reduce speed with smooth braking; g) during movement in rainy weather, the driver must pay special attention to pedestrians, as their possible speed may create a dangerous situation; h) applying the brakes sharply and/or entering a curve at high speed (especially when there is a wet road surface) may result in loss of control of the vehicle; i) in the presence of puddles on the road, the driver must take into account that driving and braking of the vehicle are complicated, and the probability of skidding is high (especially when moving with worn tires or at high speed); j) if the driver feels fatigue while driving a vehicle, it is advisable to stop the vehicle and rest, and if possible — to have another driver take the wheel; k) if the driver notices on the road the driver of another vehicle who is aggressively disposed and behaves provocatively, he/she must maintain calm and control of his/her vehicle; l) during overtaking, dangerous situations most often arise due to failure to maintain distance and insufficient attention to vehicles moving in the opposite direction; m) moving at high speed for a long time reduces concentration and the sensation of high speed; n) the driver must drive the vehicle calmly, must not show aggression, and must not try to show himself/herself as superior on the road; o) under normal traffic conditions, the time required to cover the distance between vehicles moving one after another must be at least 2 seconds in a populated area, and at least 3 seconds in an unpopulated area. This rule does not apply to the case of leaving the lane for the purpose of overtaking, where the driver has been given the corresponding signal of intention to overtake, as well as to cases provided for in subparagraph (p) of this paragraph; p) when moving on an icy road, the time required to cover the distance between vehicles moving one after another must be at least 6 seconds in a populated area, and at least 9 seconds in an unpopulated area. This rule does not apply to the case of leaving the lane for the purpose of overtaking, where the driver has been given the corresponding signal of intention to overtake.

Article 26. Additional Requirements for Ensuring the Safety of Children

The driver must be aware that a child's level of development does not enable him/her to fully analyze road traffic conditions.
Upon seeing a child on or near the road, or upon seeing a stopped bus bearing the identification sign "Carrying children", the driver must exercise special caution and move at such a speed that would enable him/her to avoid danger and, if necessary, stop without sharp braking.
Transportation of children by vehicle is permitted only in a seated position, with structurally defined seating places. Transportation of children in a standing position is prohibited.
The identification sign "Carrying children" must be affixed to a bus carrying a group of children. If the bus stops, the driver must turn on emergency light signaling. Adults accompanying the children are obliged to ensure the boarding and alighting of the children onto/from the bus, as well as the safe crossing of the carriageway by the children.
Transportation of a group of children on foot is permitted only on the sidewalk or pedestrian path, and in their absence — on the roadside. On an unlit road of a populated area and on a road of an unpopulated area, transportation of a group of children on foot is permitted only during the light time of day. On a two-way road that does not have a dividing strip, a group of children must move on the roadside located on the side opposite to the direction of movement. A group of children must be accompanied by an adult escort. Additionally, the group of children must be divided into rows of no more than two children per row. The escort of the group of children must ensure the safe movement of the children. It is advisable that the escort of the group of children wear a reflective safety vest when moving on the road. At the signal of the escort of the group of children, the driver is obliged to give way to the children crossing the carriageway.
Transportation of a child under 12 years of age is prohibited: a) in the front seat of a passenger car; b) by moped and motorcycle; c) by a small quadricycle with a design speed of more than 25 km/h, if, due to the design of said vehicle, it is impossible to use a special child car seat, chair, or corresponding holding device when carrying the child; d) by a motorized tricycle or quadricycle, if, due to the design of said vehicle, it is impossible to use a special child car seat, chair, or corresponding holding device when carrying the child.
Except in cases provided for in paragraph 8 of this article, when transporting a child under 3 years of age in the rear seat of a passenger car, a special child car seat, chair, or holding device corresponding to the child's height and weight must be used.
Transportation of a child under 3 years of age by passenger car is permitted in a child passenger seat or on the lap of a passenger of at least 16 years of age sitting in the rear seat of the passenger car. Said passenger is obliged to use a safety belt. It is not permissible for more than one child to sit on the lap of one passenger.
Leaving a child under 6 years of age unattended in a stopped vehicle is prohibited.

Article 27. Duties of a Driver Involved in a Road Traffic Accident

A driver involved in a road traffic accident is obliged to: a) immediately stop (not move from the spot) the vehicle, turn on emergency light signaling; b) make sure that no one has been injured or killed as a result of the road traffic accident; c) immediately inform the relevant service within the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia about what has occurred, and if there is no urgent need to go to a medical institution or to take the injured person there, remain at the place of the road traffic accident and wait for an authorized person to arrive; d) take necessary measures to ensure traffic safety at the scene of the road traffic accident, refrain from changing anything at the scene or destroying any trace that may be useful for determining liability, and record the surnames of witnesses; e) take necessary measures to provide first medical aid to persons injured as a result of the road traffic accident, call an ambulance, in case of urgent necessity send the injured person to the nearest medical institution by another vehicle passing by, and if this is impossible — take him/her himself/herself, except in cases where there are reasonable grounds to believe that transportation may cause harm to the injured person.
If no one has been injured as a result of the road traffic accident, the drivers, by assessing the existing circumstances and on the basis of agreement, may draw up a scheme of the incident in advance, sign it, and go to the nearest Patrol Police unit to formalize this fact.
If, in the presence of the circumstances defined in subparagraphs (c) and (e) of paragraph 1 of this article, the driver is forced to leave the place of the road traffic accident due to the need to go to a medical institution, he/she is obliged to declare his/her identity at the medical institution (present an identity document and vehicle registration documents) and, if this is not impossible, return to the scene of the incident.

Article 28. Mutual Relationship of the Signals of a Regulator, Light Signals of a Traffic Light, Road Signs, and Road Markings

Road traffic participants are obliged to comply with the requirements of the signals of a regulator, light signals of a traffic light, road signs, and road markings, even where they believe that these requirements contradict road traffic rules.
The signals of a regulator have precedence over the requirements of light signals of traffic lights, road signs, road markings, and other road traffic rules. When traffic is regulated by a regulator at an intersection, prohibitive and indicative road signs continue to operate, except where the regulator specifically indicates disregarding their requirements.
The requirements of light signals of a traffic light have precedence over the requirements of road signs and road markings determining priority of passage.
If the requirements of road signs and road markings contradict each other, the driver is obliged to comply with the requirements of road signs.
If a road sign is installed on the road on a temporarily movable stand or on a vehicle of a road works performing organization (hereinafter — temporary road sign), the requirements of which contradict the requirements of a road sign stationary installed on the same section of the road, the driver is obliged to comply with the requirements of the temporary road sign.

Article 29. Traffic Light

A traffic light is used to regulate road traffic on a road by colored light signals, as well as to mark a dangerous section of the road. A traffic light uses red, yellow (or amber), green, or white light signals. Depending on the purpose, traffic lights may have one, two, three, or four colored light signals; additionally, the arrangement of the colored light signals may be vertical or horizontal or "T"-shaped. Colored light signals of a traffic light may additionally bear an image of an arrow/arrows, a silhouette of a pedestrian, or the contour of a bicycle (cyclist). For additional informing of road traffic participants about the remaining time (seconds) of the operation of red, yellow, and green light signals, a digital electronic display may be used. For informing a blind pedestrian about the possibility of crossing the carriageway, a sound signal may be added to the colored light signals of a pedestrian traffic light. In the presence of a sound signal on a traffic light, an intermittent sound signal informs the pedestrian about the switching on of the red light signal of the traffic light and prohibits movement, while a continuous sound signal informs him/her about the switching on of the green signal of the traffic light and permits movement.
The colored light signals of a traffic light have the following meaning: a) a red light signal or a flashing red light signal prohibits movement; b) jointly switched-on red and yellow light signals prohibit movement and inform of the imminent switching on of the green light signal; c) a yellow light signal prohibits movement, except in cases provided for in paragraph 14 of this article, and informs of the imminent change of the light signal; d) a flashing yellow light signal permits movement and informs of the presence of an unregulated intersection, a pedestrian or cyclist crossing, or an imminent danger; e) a green light signal permits movement; f) a flashing green light signal permits movement and informs road traffic participants that its operating time is running out and the prohibiting signal will soon be switched on.
To regulate the movement of vehicles on the carriageway, a traffic light with three round colored light signals arranged vertically or horizontally is used. On a traffic light with vertically arranged colored light signals, the colored light signals are arranged in the following sequence: above — red, in the middle — yellow, below — green; additionally, the traffic light may have one or two additional sections on the right and/or left at the level of the green light signal, as a green light signal with the image of an arrow/arrows. On a traffic light with horizontally arranged colored light signals, the colored light signals are arranged in the following sequence: on the right — red, in the middle — yellow, on the left — green; additionally, the traffic light may have one or two additional sections on the right and/or left, as a green light signal with the image of an arrow/arrows. If traffic lights are located above each lane of the same direction of the carriageway, the action of each traffic light extends only to the lane above which it is located.
To regulate the movement of vehicles on the lanes of the carriageway where the direction of movement is changed to the opposite, a reversible traffic light is used, with a red X-sign light signal and a downward-pointing green arrow. These signals respectively prohibit or permit movement on the lane above which they are located. An additional yellow or white light signal with an arrow tilted diagonally down — right or left — may be added to the main colored light signals of a reversible traffic light, the switching-on of which informs of the subsequent change of the colored light signal and the obligation to switch to the lane indicated by the arrow. A switched-off reversible traffic light located above a lane marked on both sides with road marking 1.9 prohibits entering this lane.
To regulate movement on a lane specially allocated for the movement of route vehicles, four round amber light signals arranged in a "T" shape may be used. Movement is permitted only when the lower and one or more upper light signals are simultaneously switched on, of which the left permits movement to the left, the middle — straight, and the right — to the right. If only the three upper light signals are switched on, movement is prohibited.
To regulate the movement of pedestrians and two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicles, a traffic light with two round colored light signals arranged vertically is used. The colored light signals are arranged in the following sequence: above — red, below — green. In the absence of this type of traffic light at the crossing, pedestrians and drivers of two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicles must be guided by the vehicle traffic light. Additionally, they are allowed to move only when the movement of vehicles is prohibited.
Drivers of bicycles and other vehicles moving on a cycle path or bicycle lane must, at the intersection of this road and the carriageway, be guided by the colored light signals of a traffic light intended to regulate the movement of bicycles. To regulate the movement of bicycles, a traffic light with two or three round colored light signals arranged vertically is used. The colored light signals are arranged in the following sequence: above — red, in the middle — yellow (if any), below — green. To regulate the movement of the driver of a bicycle, a reduced-size round-signal traffic light with a rectangular (200×200 mm) white additional sign on which a black bicycle image is imprinted may be used. In the absence of these types of traffic lights at the intersection with the carriageway, said road traffic participants must be guided by the procedure established for a pedestrian by paragraph 6 of this article.
At a railway crossing, near the entrance to an opening bridge, at a ship or ferry berth, at the exit from a road for a fire vehicle, and at a place where a road is crossed at a low height by the trajectory of an aircraft, two red or yellow light signals alternately flashing or one flashing light signal, arranged at the same height on one stand and directed to the same side, are used, of which the red light signal prohibits crossing the "Stop" line, and in its absence — passing the traffic light, and the yellow light signal means that drivers may continue movement, but are obliged, additionally, to observe special caution. If the colored light signals are switched off, movement is permitted only where a train (locomotive, dresine) approaching the crossing is not visible within the visibility range.
At a railway crossing, together with the flashing red light signal of the traffic light, a sound signal may be given, which additionally informs road traffic participants about the prohibition of movement on the railway crossing.
Green, yellow, and red light signals with the image of an arrow/arrows have the same meaning as the arrow-less light signals of the corresponding color, but their action extends only to the direction/directions indicated by the arrow/arrows. Additionally, an arrow permitting a left turn also permits a U-turn, unless this is prohibited by an appropriate road sign or road marking. The arrow depicted on the green light signal in the additional section of the traffic light has the same meaning. A switched-off light signal of the additional section of the traffic light informs that movement in the direction regulated by this section is prohibited.
The contour arrow/arrows depicted on the main green light signal of a traffic light inform the driver of the possible presence of an additional section on the traffic light and indicate other permitted directions of movement different from those of the colored light signal of this section.
Road traffic participants are obliged to comply with the requirements of the colored light signals of a traffic light, even where these requirements contradict the requirements of road signs and road markings determining priority of passage.
During the prohibiting light signal of a traffic light (other than reversible), the driver is obliged to stop at the "Stop" line (or at road sign 7.16), and in its absence: a) at an intersection — before the crossing carriageway (in accordance with subparagraph (e) of paragraph 3 of Article 36 of this Law), so as not to create an obstacle to pedestrians; b) before a railway crossing — in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 39 of this Law; c) in other places — in front of the traffic light or regulator, so as not to create an obstacle to vehicles and pedestrians who have been given the right to move.
A driver who, at the moment of switching on the yellow light signal, cannot stop in the places defined in paragraph 13 of this article without sharp braking, has the right to continue movement. A pedestrian on the carriageway at the moment of switching on the prohibiting light signal must vacate it, and if this is impossible — stop on the line separating the vehicle flows of the opposite directions.

Article 30. Regulator and His/Her Signals

A regulator regulates road traffic in cases where, for ensuring safety, road traffic must be regulated differently from the requirements of light signals of traffic lights, road signs, and/or road markings (and in their absence — from the rules established for road traffic), or where existing means of road traffic organization cannot ensure the normal flow of road traffic during a certain period of time, or in the presence of obstacles or congestion in road traffic, as well as in other cases defined by the legislation of Georgia.
A regulator must be well visible and distinguishable from a sufficient distance both during the day and at night. The regulator's signals must be well seen and unambiguously understandable to road traffic participants. The regulator must give signals in a timely manner, so that the driver, by a sudden maneuver or rapid change of speed, does not create a danger and/or obstruct the movement of other road traffic participants.
Road traffic shall be regulated by authorized persons of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia. Within the limits of the authority granted by the legislation of Georgia, road traffic may also be regulated by: a) authorized persons of the Ministry of Defence of Georgia — during the movement of vehicle convoys belonging to the Ministry of Defence of Georgia; b) employees of the State Protection Special Service — in the presence of circumstances defined by the legislation of Georgia; c) rescuers and persons participating in rescue operations — to ensure the performance of rescue operations; d) members of ambulance brigades — in providing emergency medical assistance; e) escorts (accompanying persons) of groups of children — to ensure the safety of children; f) railway employees — at railway crossings; g) organizers of ferry services — in a port; h) the owner of the road or other persons appointed by an authorized body (agency) as a temporary regulator of road traffic — during the performance of road works, or during an agreed event, or in case of other disruption of road traffic, or during temporary closure of the road; i) persons accompanying the cargo of an oversized (large-size) or overweight (heavy-weight) vehicle or vehicle carrying dangerous cargo — for the purpose of avoiding road traffic disruption or danger.
Road traffic participants must immediately comply with the requirements of the signals of the road traffic regulator, even if these requirements contradict the requirements of the light signals of traffic lights, road signs, road markings, and other road traffic rules.
The signals of the regulator have the following meaning: a) one arm raised upward — this gesture means "Attention, Stop" for all road traffic participants, except those drivers who can no longer stop in compliance with sharp braking and sufficient safety conditions. In addition, if this signal is given at an intersection, a driver who has already entered the intersection may continue movement. A pedestrian on the carriageway at the time of the signal must vacate it, and if this is impossible — must stop on the line separating the vehicle flows of the opposite directions; b) arms extended to the sides or lowered — this gesture means a "Stop" signal for those road traffic participants who, regardless of their direction of movement, are moving in a direction that crosses the direction indicated by the regulator's outstretched arm or arms; additionally, a tram from the right and left sides of the regulator has the right to move straight, a trackless vehicle has the right to move straight and to the right, and a pedestrian has the right to enter the carriageway; c) right arm extended forward — this gesture means a "Stop" signal for all drivers moving from the right side and rear of the regulator; additionally, a tram from the left side of the regulator has the right to move to the left, and a trackless vehicle has the right to move in all directions. From the front of the regulator, all vehicles have the right to move only to the right. A pedestrian has the right to enter the carriageway behind the regulator's back; d) movement of a red light — this signal means a "Stop" signal for all road traffic participants towards whom this light is directed.
In addition to the signals defined in paragraph 5 of this article, the regulator has the right to give drivers and pedestrians other signals understandable to them, using his/her hands.
A driver who has been prohibited from moving by the regulator's signal is obliged to stop at the "Stop" line (or at road sign 7.16), and in its absence: a) at an intersection — before the crossing carriageway (in accordance with subparagraph (e) of paragraph 3 of Article 36 of this Law), so as not to create an obstacle to pedestrians; b) before a railway crossing — in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 39 of this Law; c) in other places — in front of the traffic light or regulator, so as not to create an obstacle to vehicles and pedestrians who have been given the right to move.
If the regulator transmits the requirement to stop a vehicle by a loudspeaker device or by gesturing towards the vehicle, the driver must stop at the place indicated by the regulator.
The regulator gives a signal: a) with a baton with black and white stripes; b) with a reflective red disc; c) with a disc on which the road sign "No entry" is depicted; d) with a hand; e) with a red or yellow flag; f) with the movement of a red light.
An additional signal given by the regulator with a whistle is intended to attract the attention of road traffic participants.

Article 31. Placement of a Vehicle on the Road

On all roads of Georgia, right-hand traffic is established as the direction of movement.
Except in necessary cases, the driver must move only on the road, carriageway, lane, or path that is intended for a road traffic participant of his/her category/subcategory.
For the movement of trackless vehicles, the number of lanes shall be determined by road markings and/or by road signs 5.15.1, 5.15.2, 5.15.7, and 5.15.8, and in their absence — by the driver himself/herself, taking into account the width of the carriageway, the dimensions of the vehicles, and the necessary interval between them. On a two-way road with a dividing strip, the opposite direction of movement is considered to be the carriageway located to the left of the dividing strip, and in the absence of a dividing strip — half the width of the carriageway located to the left. Where tram tracks are located at the same level as the carriageway, in its middle, the imaginary midline between the tram tracks of opposite directions is considered as the separator of the opposite directions of movement. On a two-way road with three lanes marked by road marking, the same direction of movement is considered to be only the lane located on the right side, unless otherwise established by the organization of road traffic.
Except in cases provided for by this Law, drivers of two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicles, moped-bicycles, bicycles, and other unpowered vehicles, in the absence of a lane or path intended for them, have the right to use any roadside suitable for this purpose in the direction of movement, if this does not obstruct other road traffic participants.
Except in cases provided for by this Law, the driver of a vehicle, insofar as circumstances permit, must be close to the right edge of the carriageway.
Unless otherwise established by the organization of road traffic, on a road with two or three carriageways, the driver of a vehicle is prohibited from entering the carriageway of the opposite direction of movement.
On a two-way road with three lanes (except for road marking 1.9), the driver of a vehicle must not switch to the outermost lane of the carriageway where traffic in the opposite direction is carried out. If, on a road with three lanes, the middle lane is used for movement in both directions, entering this lane is permitted only for the purpose of overtaking, going around an obstacle, turning left, or making a U-turn.
On a two-way road with at least four lanes, the driver of a vehicle must not enter lanes on which traffic in the opposite direction is carried out.
Taking into account the requirements established by Article 34 of this Law, if a lane is designated by a road sign for the movement of slow-moving vehicles, drivers of this type of vehicle must move in said lane.
In a populated area, taking into account the requirements established by paragraphs 11–13 of this article, paragraph 1 of Article 38, and paragraph 2 of Article 43, the driver may move in the same direction lane more convenient for him/her. Changing lanes is permitted only for the purpose of turning right or left, making a U-turn, overtaking, or stopping.
In an unpopulated area, as well as in a populated area on a section of the carriageway where movement is permitted at a speed of more than 80 km/h, the driver must move as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway. It is prohibited to occupy the left lane when the right lane is free, except in cases of going around an obstacle, turning left, or making a U-turn.
Unless otherwise provided by this Law, on any carriageway, in the presence of three or more lanes intended for movement in the same direction, occupying the outermost left lane is permitted only during intensive traffic, when other lanes are occupied, as well as for the purpose of overtaking, turning left, or making a U-turn, and for trucks — only during turning left or making a U-turn. Entering the left lane of a one-way road for the purpose of stopping/parking can be done only in compliance with the requirements established by paragraph 2 of Article 37 of this Law.
A slow-moving vehicle must move in the outermost right lane, except in cases where it is going around an obstacle or overtaking, or turning left or making a U-turn. The prohibition established by this paragraph does not apply to vehicles of road-operational and utility services equipped with an orange or yellow flashing special light signal during the performance of works on roads by them.
Movement of mopeds and/or motorcycles without sidecars in the same direction in two rows on a lane is permitted.
Taking into account the requirements established by paragraph 6 of Article 32 of this Law, movement on tram tracks in the same direction, located at the same level with the carriageway on the left side, is permitted, if all lanes intended for movement in the same direction are occupied, as well as during going around an obstacle or overtaking, or turning left or making a U-turn. Additionally, the movement of the tram must not be obstructed. Entering tram tracks in the opposite direction is prohibited.
If the carriageway is divided into lanes by lines of road markings, the driver of a vehicle must move on the marked lanes. Crossing road markings (dashed lines) is permitted only when performing the maneuver of going around an obstacle, overtaking, turning left or right, stopping, or making a U-turn.
When turning for the purpose of entering a carriageway on which reversible traffic is established, the driver of a vehicle must move in such a way that, upon exiting from the intersection of the carriageways, he/she occupies the outermost right lane. Regrouping to another lane is permissible only after the driver is convinced that movement in the same direction is permitted on said lane.
Except in cases provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 37 and paragraph 2 of Article 43 of this Law, the movement of mechanical vehicles on shoulders, bicycle lanes, cycle paths, sidewalks, and pedestrian paths is prohibited. With compliance with traffic safety measures, the approach by the shortest route of a mechanical vehicle delivering cargo to an enterprise or object located directly next to a shoulder, bicycle lane, cycle path, sidewalk, or pedestrian path is permitted, if there is no other possibility for this. The prohibition established by this paragraph does not apply to vehicles of road-operational and utility services.
On a carriageway where the outermost lane(s) or cycle paths are intended for the movement of vehicles of a certain category, the term "edge of the carriageway" for other road traffic participants means the edge of the remaining carriageway.

A driver intending to perform any maneuver must start this maneuver only after being convinced that he/she will not create a danger to road traffic participants moving behind, in front, and to the side, both in the same direction and in the opposite direction, taking into account their location, direction, and speed of movement.
Before starting a maneuver, the driver is obliged to turn on the turn indicator of the corresponding direction, and if it is not there or is out of order — to signal with the hand. The signal for a left turn or U-turn corresponds to the left arm extended horizontally to the side or the right arm extended to the side, bent at the elbow at a right angle upward. The signal for a right turn corresponds to the right arm extended horizontally to the side or the left arm extended to the side, bent at the elbow at a right angle upward. The braking signal corresponds to the left or right arm raised vertically upward. The signal by the turn indicator or hand must be given timely, before starting the maneuver, and must be stopped immediately upon its completion (signaling by hand may be stopped immediately before the start of the maneuver). Additionally, the signal must not mislead other road traffic participants. Giving a signal by the turn indicator or hand does not give the driver priority and does not release him/her from the obligation to take necessary precautions.
When exiting from an adjacent territory onto a road, the driver is obliged to give way to vehicles and pedestrians moving on the road, and when leaving the road — to pedestrians, drivers of bicycles, moped-bicycles, and two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicles whose path he/she is crossing.
When moving from one lane to another without changing the direction of movement, the driver must give way to a vehicle moving in the same direction in the lane to which he/she is moving. When vehicles moving in the same direction simultaneously change lanes, in case of crossing of trajectories of movement, priority of passage is given to the driver of the vehicle on the right.
Except in cases where the turn is performed for exit onto an intersection where circular movement is organized, before turning right or left, as well as before making a U-turn, the driver of a vehicle is obliged to timely occupy the corresponding outermost position on the carriageway intended for movement in the same direction.
In the presence of tram tracks in the same direction located at the same level with the carriageway on the left side, the driver of the vehicle performs a left turn and U-turn on this track, unless another movement order is established by road signs 5.15.1 and 5.15.2. Additionally, the movement of the tram must not be obstructed.
Before turning right or left to exit to another road or enter an adjacent territory of the road, without violating the requirements established by paragraph 2 of Article 20 of this Law and paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, if the driver of the vehicle intends to leave the road: a) from the right side, the vehicle must move as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway and then perform the shortest possible maneuver; b) from the left side, the vehicle, as far as possible, must approach the axis of the carriageway of the road (on a two-way road) or the left edge of the carriageway (on a one-way road), and if it intends to exit onto another two-way road, the turn must be performed so that, upon exit from the intersection of the carriageways, the vehicle does not find itself on the side of the opposite direction of movement.
If the driver cannot perform the turn due to the dimensions of the vehicle or other reasons, taking into account the requirements established by paragraph 7 of this article, deviation from these rules is permitted if traffic safety is ensured and no obstacle is created for other road traffic participants.
When turning left or making a U-turn outside the intersection, the driver of a trackless vehicle is obliged to give way to vehicles moving in the opposite direction and to trams moving in the same direction.
If, when making a U-turn outside the intersection, the width of the carriageway is insufficient for a U-turn from the outermost left position, this maneuver may be performed from the right edge of the carriageway or from the right shoulder. Additionally, the driver must give way to vehicles moving in the same and opposite directions.
If, at an intersection, the width of the carriageway is insufficient for a U-turn from the outermost left position, the driver is obliged to perform this maneuver outside the intersection, except where the width of the road near the intersection does not allow this. In all cases, traffic safety must be ensured and no obstacle must be created for other road traffic participants. The rule defined by this paragraph does not apply to intersections where U-turns are prohibited by the corresponding road sign or road marking.
If the trajectories of movement of vehicles intersect, and the order of passage is not determined, the driver must give way to the vehicle approaching him/her from the right.
In the presence of a deceleration lane, the driver intending to turn must timely move onto this lane and then reduce speed.
In the presence of an acceleration lane at the place of exit onto the road, the driver must move in this lane, and when moving onto the adjacent lane, must give way to vehicles moving in it.
It is prohibited to make a U-turn of a vehicle: a) at a pedestrian crossing; b) in a tunnel; c) on a bridge, overpass, viaduct, and under them; d) at a railway crossing; e) on a road where visibility, even in one direction, is less than 100 meters; f) at a place where there is a stopping point; g) in other places defined by this Law.
The driver intending to make a U-turn or move in reverse must be convinced that he/she can perform this maneuver in such a way that it does not create a danger and does not obstruct other road traffic participants. If necessary, it is advisable to request the help of another person. Movement in reverse is prohibited at intersections, on motorways, and in the places defined by paragraph 15 of this article.
Taking into account the requirements established by this article, the driver may go around, from the right or left side, a safety island, tumble, or other device installed on the carriageway on which he/she is moving, except where: a) a road sign indicates from which side the driver must go around the safety island, tumble, or other device; b) the safety island, tumble, or other device is located on the axis of the carriageway of a two-way road. In this case, the driver must go around the safety island, tumble, or other device only from the right side.

Article 33. Speed and Distance

The driver is prohibited from driving a vehicle exceeding the speed limit established by this Law. The chosen speed must enable the driver to constantly control the vehicle in such a way that traffic safety is observed.
When driving a vehicle, the driver must take into account road conditions (terrain relief, condition of the road and the vehicle, its loading, atmospheric conditions, traffic intensity, insufficient or limited visibility, etc.) in order to, if necessary, and in front of any danger or obstacle, take all possible measures to ensure safety, reduce speed, and if necessary, stop.
The driver must not complicate the movement of other vehicles by moving at excessively low speed without a special reason.
The driver is prohibited from sharp braking, except for braking caused by the necessity to avoid a road traffic accident.
A driver intending to significantly reduce speed, if this speed reduction is not caused by immediate danger, must first be convinced that he/she can do this in a way that does not create danger for other road traffic participants and does not excessively complicate their movement. In addition, the driver must clearly signal in advance the intention to slow down, except where there are no vehicles behind him/her or they are at a very great distance, however these requirements do not apply if the signal of speed reduction is given by means of the "Stop" signal on the vehicle.
Unless otherwise established by this Law, in a populated area, movement of a vehicle is permitted at a speed of not more than 60 km/h, and in a residential zone — at a speed of not more than 20 km/h. If, in a populated area, road conditions allow the possibility of movement at a high speed, the movement speed on certain sections of the road may be increased by installing a corresponding road sign.
Except in cases established by this Law, in an unpopulated area, as well as in a populated area on a section of road where movement is permitted at a speed of more than 60 km/h by a corresponding road sign, the following is permitted: a) movement of vehicles of category "A", as well as subcategories "A1", "A2", and "B1" on all roads at a speed of not more than 80 km/h; b) movement of a vehicle of category "B":
- if it is not towing a light trailer, on a motorway at a speed of not more than 110 km/h, and on other roads — not more than 90 km/h;
- if it is towing a light trailer, on all roads at a speed of not more than 80 km/h; c) movement of a vehicle of category "BE" on all roads at a speed of not more than 70 km/h; d) movement of vehicles of categories "C" and "CE", as well as subcategories "C1" and "C1E":
- on a motorway at a speed of not more than 80 km/h, and on other roads — not more than 70 km/h;
- in the case of carrying passengers in the body, in the manner established, on all roads at a speed of not more than 60 km/h; e) movement of vehicles of subcategories "D1" and "D1E" on all roads at a speed of not more than 80 km/h; f) movement of vehicles of categories "D" and "DE" on a motorway at a speed of not more than 80 km/h, and on other roads — not more than 70 km/h.
Unless otherwise established by this Law, in a populated or unpopulated area, the following is permitted: a) movement of vehicles of categories "T" and "S" on all roads at a speed of not more than 40 km/h; b) movement of a vehicle of category "AM" on the carriageway at a speed of not more than 45 km/h; c) movement of a two-wheeled electric self-balancing vehicle on all roads where the movement of this category of vehicles is permitted, at a speed of not more than 20 km/h; d) movement of a mechanical vehicle which is towing another mechanical vehicle, at a speed of not more than 50 km/h; e) movement of an oversized (large-size) or overweight (heavy-weight) vehicle, at a speed of not more than that indicated in the agreement issued by the authorized body (agency) in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of Georgia; f) movement of a mechanical vehicle carrying dangerous cargo, at a speed of not more than that defined by transportation conditions.
In addition to the maximum speed limit defined by paragraphs 6–8 of this article, the driver is prohibited from: a) exceeding the maximum design speed established for the vehicle; b) exceeding the speed indicated on the identification sign "Speed limit" affixed to the vehicle; c) exceeding the maximum speed established by a road sign.
Regardless of permission to move on the road at a higher speed by a corresponding road sign or signal, the driver is prohibited from exceeding the maximum speed limit established for him/her by paragraphs 6–9 of this article.

10¹. The procedure for installation and use of speed-limiting devices in motor vehicles of certain categories is established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.

The driver of a vehicle following another vehicle must maintain an appropriate distance to avoid collision in case of sudden braking or stopping of the vehicle in front. To ensure traffic safety, it is also necessary to maintain a lateral interval.

Article 34. Overtaking and Movement in Rows

Overtaking must be carried out from the left side. Overtaking from the right side is permitted if the driver being overtaken has signaled that he/she intends to turn left, and has directed his/her vehicle so as to turn into another road or enter an adjacent territory of the road or stop on that side.
In the presence of sufficient space, the driver of a bicycle has the right to go around stopped or slow-moving vehicles from the right side.
Before starting overtaking, the driver, in order not to violate the requirements established by paragraph 2 of Article 20 and Article 32 of this Law, must be convinced that: a) no driver of a vehicle approaching from behind has started overtaking; b) the driver of the vehicle moving in front of him/her in the same lane has not signaled that he/she intends to overtake another vehicle. Overtaking of a vehicle that is overtaking or going around an obstacle is prohibited; c) he/she can carry out overtaking in such a way that it does not create danger or an obstacle for other road traffic participants. He/she must also be convinced that the lane to which he/she intends to move is free over a sufficient distance, and that the ratio of speeds of the two vehicles allows overtaking in a sufficiently short time; d) except in case of entering a lane on which movement in the opposite direction is prohibited, he/she can again occupy the place indicated in paragraphs 10–12 of Article 31 of this Law, in such a way as not to create danger for the vehicle being overtaken; e) upon completion of overtaking, he/she will be able to return to the previously occupied lane without creating an obstacle for the vehicle being overtaken, if this obligation is provided for by this Law.
Overtaking is prohibited under conditions of restricted visibility, except where there is a corresponding longitudinal marking at these places and overtaking is carried out without entering lanes intended for movement in the opposite direction.
To ensure safety, at the moment of overtaking, the driver must leave sufficient lateral space for the vehicle(s) being overtaken.
If, on a road where there are at least two lanes intended for movement in the same direction, the driver of a vehicle who, upon completion of overtaking, in order to comply with the requirements established by paragraphs 10–12 of Article 31 of this Law for returning to the previously occupied lane, will have to start a new overtaking immediately or in a short time after the return, he/she may remain in the lane occupied during the first overtaking in order to perform this maneuver, if he/she is first convinced that this will not create an obstacle for the driver of a vehicle moving at a greater speed behind him/her.
If, in the cases provided for in paragraph 6 of this article, traffic intensity is such that not only do vehicles occupy the entire width of the carriageway intended for movement in the same direction, but they also move at a speed depending on the speed of the vehicle in front of them in the given row: a) the fact that vehicles in one lane are moving at a higher speed than vehicles in other lanes is not considered overtaking under this article, however this fact does not release the driver from the obligation to comply with the requirements established by paragraph 11 of this article; b) the driver of a vehicle not in the lane closest to the right edge of the carriageway may leave the row only for the purpose of turning right or left or exiting to a parking lot.
If the carriageway is divided into lanes by lines of road markings, when moving in rows in accordance with the procedure established by paragraphs 6 and 7 of this article, the driver of a vehicle must move in the marked lanes. Crossing road markings (dashed lines) is permitted only when performing the maneuver of going around an obstacle, overtaking, turning left or right, stopping, or making a U-turn.
Taking into account the requirements established by paragraph 3 of this article, overtaking is prohibited: a) at an intersection other than a circular-movement intersection, or directly before this intersection, except:
- in cases of overtaking from the right permitted by this Law;
- where overtaking is carried out on a road on the movement on which the driver is granted the right of priority movement at the intersection;
- where overtaking is carried out at a regulated intersection without entering the lane of the opposite direction of movement; b) at a railway crossing and within 100 meters before it, except where movement at these places is regulated by the type of traffic light used at intersections; c) of a vehicle that is overtaking or going around; d) at places defined by a sign or marking prohibiting overtaking; e) under conditions of limited visibility by entering the lane of the opposite direction of movement; f) in the presence of other circumstances provided for by this Law.
The prohibitions defined in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 9 of this article do not apply to cases of overtaking of two-wheeled bicycles, two-wheeled mopeds, and two-wheeled motorcycles without sidecars.
A vehicle may overtake a vehicle that is approaching a pedestrian crossing or has stopped directly before this crossing only at a sufficiently reduced speed to ensure timely stopping in case of detecting a pedestrian at the crossing. Overtaking at a pedestrian crossing is prohibited if a pedestrian is moving on it.
A driver who has made sure that the driver of a vehicle approaching from behind is about to overtake, except in the case provided for in subparagraph (b) of paragraph 7 of Article 32 of this Law, must, as far as possible, approach the right edge of the carriageway and must not increase speed. If, due to insufficient width of the road, profile, or condition of the carriageway, taking into account the intensity of traffic in the opposite direction, overtaking a slow-moving or large-sized vehicle cannot be carried out easily and safely, the driver of this vehicle must slow down movement, and if necessary, at the first opportunity give way to vehicles approaching from behind.
Taking into account the requirements established by Article 31 of this Law (except paragraph 5), in a populated area on a road with at least two lanes for movement in the same direction marked by longitudinal marking, the driver may use the lane more convenient for him/her (except in cases provided for by this Law). He/she must move to another lane only for the purpose of turning right or left, overtaking, stopping, or parking in accordance with the rules regulating the maneuver.
In the case provided for in paragraph 13 of this article, faster movement of a vehicle in the lanes of the same direction of movement than that of a vehicle moving in lanes located close to the edge of the carriageway, is not considered overtaking within the meaning of this article, however the requirements established by paragraph 11 of this article apply to it.
The requirements established by paragraph 13 of this article do not apply to motorways, roads intended for motor vehicle movement equated to them and marked with road sign 5.3 that do not serve adjacent territories, as well as on any road on which the permitted speed of movement exceeds 80 km/h.
The driver of the vehicle being overtaken is prohibited from obstructing overtaking by increasing the speed of movement or by other actions.
If, during overtaking, an obstacle or danger is found which the driver could not take into account before starting overtaking, or if he/she could not correctly assess the situation, the driver is obliged to stop overtaking. If the driver has stopped overtaking and intends to return to the previously occupied lane, the drivers of vehicles approaching from behind must give him/her this opportunity.
Overtaking, going around, or giving way to an operational vehicle stopped on the road with a blue flashing special light signal switched on or a special or road-operational service vehicle stopped with an orange or yellow flashing special light signal switched on, a slow-moving technical service vehicle, or a utility service road works performer, taking into account their placement on the carriageway, the situation, and the danger, is permitted both from the right and left, regardless of the requirements of road signs and horizontal road markings existing on said section of the road.
In an unpopulated area, on a road with only one lane for movement in the same direction, the driver of a vehicle moving on the given section of the road at a speed lower than the maximum speed permitted for it, and a driver whose vehicle or combination of vehicles has a total length exceeding 7 meters, in order to facilitate overtaking, except at the moment of starting or carrying out overtaking, must maintain such a distance between his/her vehicle and the vehicle in front that another vehicle overtaking them can, with full safety, occupy a determined place in the row in front of the vehicle that has been overtaken. This rule is not applied in cases of intensive traffic and prohibition of overtaking.

Article 35. Giving Way to Oncoming Traffic

When giving way to oncoming traffic, the driver of a vehicle must leave sufficient free space on the side, and if necessary, move close to the right edge of the carriageway. Additionally, if his/her movement is complicated due to an obstacle on his/her side or the presence of other road traffic participants, he/she must slow down movement and, if necessary, stop to let pass the oncoming vehicle or vehicles.
On a mountain road and a road of analogous characteristics with a large slope, as well as on roads marked with road signs 1.14 and 1.15, where giving way is impossible or complicated, the driver of a vehicle moving downhill is obliged to stop and give way to the driver of the vehicle moving uphill, except where the giving-way place is located along the carriageway such that the driver of the vehicle moving uphill, taking into account the speed and location of the vehicle, could stop at the giving-way place in front of him/her, which would exclude the need for reverse movement of one of the vehicles. If, for giving way, one of the two vehicles must move in reverse, the driver of a combination of vehicles has priority over the drivers of all other vehicles, the driver of a heavy vehicle — over the driver of a light vehicle, and the driver of a bus — over the drivers of trucks and passenger cars. In the case of vehicles of the same category or subcategory, the vehicle moving downhill must move in reverse, except where it is evident that the driver of the vehicle moving uphill can more easily perform such a maneuver, in particular, if he/she is near the giving-way place.

Article 36. Intersection and the Obligation to Give Way

When approaching an intersection, the driver, taking into account local conditions, must exercise special caution. Additionally, the driver must drive the vehicle at such a speed that he/she can stop and let pass a vehicle that has priority of movement.
An intersection where the order of movement is determined by the signals of a traffic light or regulator is a regulated intersection. If the flashing yellow signal is lit, or if there is no traffic light or it is not working, or there is no regulator, the intersection is considered unregulated, and the driver is obliged to be guided by the rules of passage through an unregulated intersection and by the priority signs installed at the intersection.
At a regulated intersection: a) during the switching-on of the green signal of the traffic light, when turning left or making a U-turn, the driver of a trackless vehicle is obliged to give way to a vehicle moving straight or to the right from the opposite direction. The drivers of trams moving between each other must also be guided by this same rule; b) when moving in the direction of the arrow switched on together with the main yellow or red light signal in the additional section of the traffic light, the driver of the vehicle is obliged to give way to a vehicle moving from another direction; c) if the signals of the traffic light or regulator simultaneously permit movement to rail and trackless vehicles, the rail vehicle has priority, regardless of its direction of movement, but when moving in the direction of the arrow switched on together with the main yellow or red light signal in the additional section of the traffic light, the driver of the rail vehicle is obliged to give way to a vehicle moving from another direction; d) if the signal of the regulator simultaneously permits movement to trackless vehicles moving in crossing trajectories, the drivers must be guided by the rules of passage through an unregulated intersection and by the priority signs installed at the intersection; e) the driver who has entered the intersection on the permitting signal of the traffic light may move in the intended direction, regardless of the prohibiting signals of the traffic light on the exit from the intersection, but provided that this does not obstruct other road traffic participants moving in the direction in which movement is open. If, during his/her movement at the intersection, there are "Stop" lines (and/or road signs 7.16) in front of the traffic lights existing on the road, the driver must be guided by the signal of each traffic light; f) when the permitting signal of the traffic light is switched on, the driver is obliged to give way to a vehicle that is completing the passage of the intersection, and to a pedestrian who has not completed crossing the carriageway in the given direction; g) if, at the intersection, the lane intended for turning right is separated from the rest of the carriageway by an elevated safety island, and there is no traffic light on the right in front of the intersection, the right turn is performed independently of the light signals of the traffic light existing at the intersection, with giving way to all vehicles moving from other directions.
At an unregulated intersection: a) at the intersection of unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving on a secondary road is obliged to give way to a vehicle approaching from the main road, regardless of its further direction of movement; b) if the main road changes direction at the intersection, the drivers moving on this road must be guided between each other by the rules of passage of equal roads. Drivers moving on a secondary road must also be guided between each other by the same rules; c) at the intersection of equal roads, the driver of a trackless vehicle is obliged to give way to a vehicle approaching from the right. The drivers of rail vehicles moving between each other must also be guided by this same rule. At such an intersection, the rail vehicle has priority over the trackless vehicle, regardless of its direction of movement; d) when turning left or making a U-turn, the driver of a trackless vehicle is obliged to give way to a vehicle moving straight or to the right on an equal road from the opposite direction. The drivers of rail vehicles must also be guided between each other by this same rule.
The driver must not enter the intersection if an obstacle has been created such that he/she will presumably be forced to stop at the intersection and thereby obstruct transverse traffic. This rule is also in effect if the light signals of the traffic light give the right of movement.
Unless otherwise provided by a road sign, when exiting from a dirt road onto a road that is not a dirt road, the driver is obliged to give way to a vehicle moving on this road.
When exiting from an adjacent territory onto a road, the driver is obliged to give way to road traffic participants moving on this road.
If the driver cannot determine the presence of a road surface (due to darkness, snow, mud, or other reason) and there are no priority signs, it is considered that he/she is on a secondary road.
A driver who, in accordance with the requirements of this Law, must give way to other road traffic participants, is obliged to clearly express his/her intention to give way by reducing speed or stopping.

Article 37. Stopping and Standing

A vehicle that stops or stands in a non-populated area must, as far as possible, be located outside the carriageway. Except for exceptions provided for by Georgian legislation, both in populated and non-populated areas, it is prohibited to stop and stand a vehicle on a bicycle path, bicycle lane, on a lane designated for the movement of route vehicles (except for exceptions permitted by a decision of the municipality's representative body for light automobiles of the appropriate category – taxis (M1 category) and/or motorcycles (except three-wheeled) and/or mopeds (except three-wheeled), when such taxis and/or motorcycles (except three-wheeled) and/or mopeds (except three-wheeled) use the said lane for movement and/or for passenger boarding/disembarking), on a pedestrian path, sidewalk (unless there is road sign 7.4 with appropriate road marking and/or road sign 7.20.6 (this sign may be without road marking)) or on the roadside.
A vehicle stopping or standing on the carriageway must be as close as possible to the edge of the carriageway. The driver may stop or park the vehicle on the right side of the carriageway. Stopping and standing of a vehicle on the left side of the carriageway is permitted: a) if stopping on the right side is impossible due to the presence of railway tracks; b) in a populated area on a road where there is one lane in each direction without tram tracks in the middle; c) on the carriageway of a one-way road (stopping on the left side of a one-way road for a truck is permitted only during loading or unloading).
Stopping and standing of a vehicle in the middle of the carriageway is permitted only at places designated by a corresponding road sign or road marking.
Standing of vehicles is permitted in one row, parallel to the edge of the carriageway, except for places that create conditions for different placement of vehicles. Two-wheeled vehicles without a sidecar may be parked in two rows. Parking on the edge of the sidewalk adjacent to the carriageway is permitted only for light automobiles, motorcycles, mopeds and bicycles, provided they do not obstruct pedestrians.
The rules for stopping and standing of vehicles on the sidewalk are determined by the municipality's representative body.
It is prohibited to stop a vehicle: a) on the carriageway: a.a) on pedestrian and cyclist crossings and closer than 5 meters before them; a.b) on tram and railway tracks running along the road or near them, if this may hinder the movement of a tram or train; a.c) at intersections of carriageways, as well as closer than 5 meters from the edges of their intersections, except for stopping at three-way intersections (crossroads) opposite side roads that have a solid marking line or dividing strip; b) in any place where it may create a hazard, including: b.a) on an overpass, bridge and viaduct, except when there are more than two lanes in the same direction of travel at such places; b.b) under an overpass, bridge and viaduct, as well as in a tunnel, except for specially designated places; b.c) on the carriageway near a dangerous turn and convex longitudinal profile break, where road visibility even in one direction is less than 100 meters; b.d) in a place where the distance between a continuous marking line (other than the marking indicating the edge of the carriageway) and the stopped vehicle is less than 3 meters; b.e) in a place where it obscures colored traffic light signals or road signs from other road traffic participants; b.f) on an additional traffic lane designated for slow-moving vehicles and marked with the appropriate road sign; b.g) closer than 15 meters from the structurally designated stopping places of route vehicles or taxis, and in their absence – from the stop sign of the route vehicle or taxi, if this hinders the movement of said vehicles; c) in the zone of action of a stopping prohibition sign and/or road marking; d) in other places specified by this Law.
It is prohibited to park a vehicle: a) in places where stopping is prohibited; b) closer than 50 meters to a railway crossing on the carriageway; c) at a parking place designated for persons with disabilities (except for persons specified in Article 19, paragraph 2, subparagraph "a" of this Law), marked with road sign 8.17; d) at the exit from a yard; e) in any place where a parked vehicle will hinder another vehicle's entry to or exit from the parking; f) on the carriageway of a road in a non-populated area marked with road signs 2.1, 5.1 and 5.3, as well as on the carriageway of a road in a populated area where traffic is permitted at speeds exceeding 80 km/h, except for specially marked places; g) in the zone of action of a parking prohibition sign and/or road marking; h) in violation of the manner of parking a vehicle established by the appropriate road sign; i) in violation of the manner of parking a vehicle established by road marking; j) in other cases provided for by Georgian legislation.
The driver must not leave their vehicle without taking all necessary precautionary measures to prevent a road traffic accident. In the case of a mechanical vehicle, all measures must be taken to prevent its unauthorized use.
A mechanical vehicle other than a moped or a two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecar, as well as a trailer coupled or uncoupled with a towing vehicle, which stopped on the carriageway in a non-populated area, must be marked at a certain distance in the most convenient place with at least one device to warn approaching drivers, if: a) the vehicle stopped on the carriageway at night in such a place that approaching drivers cannot notice the obstacle created by the stopped vehicle; b) the driver is forced to stop the vehicle in a place where stopping is prohibited.
In case of forced stopping in a place where stopping is prohibited, the driver must take all possible measures to remove the vehicle from that place.
In a non-populated area, parking for long rest (overnight or otherwise) is permitted only at a parking area designated for this purpose or beyond the boundaries of the road.

Article 38. Motorway and Other Similar Roads

On a motorway, at motorway entrances and exits: a) movement of pedestrians, animals, bicycles, mopeds, two-wheeled electric scooters, and all vehicles other than automobiles and their trailers is prohibited, as well as movement of automobiles (with or without trailers) whose structural speed does not exceed 40 km/h (this restriction does not apply to mechanical vehicles that move on the motorway in accordance with and under the terms of an agreement concluded with the authorized body (agency) in the manner established by Georgian legislation); b) learner driving is prohibited; c) the driver is prohibited from: c.a) stopping or parking the automobile (and/or its trailer), except in specially marked areas designated for parking. A driver who is forced to stop due to circumstances beyond their control must take all measures to remove the automobile (and/or its trailer) from the carriageway, and if this cannot be done immediately, must turn on the emergency light signalization (if available) and mark the automobile (and/or its trailer) with the appropriate sign at a sufficient distance to timely warn approaching drivers; c.b) turning around or reversing, as well as going onto the central dividing strip and transverse connections of both carriageways of the road; c.c) driving beyond the second lane with a cargo-carrying automobile (with or without a trailer) whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 3.5 tons, or with a trailer-equipped automobile whose total length is more than 7 meters; d) demonstrations, car rallies, advertising car races, automobile competitions and technical testing of vehicles and their body prototypes are permitted only by decision of the Georgian executive authority or the appropriate municipal body.
When entering a motorway, the driver is obliged to give way to automobiles moving on the motorway. If there is an acceleration lane, they must use such a lane.
When exiting a motorway, the driver must timely move to the lane adjacent to the motorway exit and enter the deceleration lane as quickly as possible, if such a lane exists.
A vehicle towed with a homemade device is prohibited from entering a motorway. A defective vehicle towed with a homemade device that broke down on the motorway must leave the motorway at the nearest exit. Homemade devices referred to in this paragraph include ropes, wires and similar means.
For the purposes of applying paragraphs 1-3 of this article, roads designated for automobile traffic and marked with road sign 5.3 that do not serve adjacent territories are equated to motorways.

Article 39. Railway Crossing

All road traffic participants must exercise particular caution when approaching and crossing a railway crossing, specifically: a) the vehicle driver must move at a moderate speed; additionally, when crossing the railway track, the driver must use only the railway crossing and give way to the train (locomotive, draisine); b) despite the indication of light and sound signals, no road traffic participant should enter a railway crossing whose barrier or half-barrier is closed, closing or rising; c) during a prohibiting signal from the regulator or traffic light, no road traffic participant should enter the railway crossing, regardless of the state or existence of the barrier or half-barrier; d) if the railway crossing is not equipped with barriers, half-barriers or light signals, no road traffic participant should cross it until they are convinced that no railed vehicle is approaching the railway crossing within the visibility range; e) the driver should not enter the railway crossing if not previously convinced that they will not be forced to stop on it; f) the road traffic participant must cross the railway crossing without stopping.
At a railway crossing, it is prohibited: a) to overtake a vehicle standing before the railway crossing by moving into the oncoming traffic lane; b) to arbitrarily open the barrier or half-barrier; c) to move agricultural, road-construction and other machines and mechanisms in non-transport condition that may damage the railway crossing or hinder movement on it; d) without permission from the senior of the railway track section, to move slow-moving vehicles whose speed does not exceed 8 km/h, and tractor sled-drags; e) to perform other prohibited actions specified by Georgian legislation.
If movement at the railway crossing is prohibited, the driver stops at the "Stop" line, road sign 2.4 or traffic light, and in their absence – not closer than 5 meters from the barrier or half-barrier. If there is neither a barrier nor a half-barrier, the driver must stop no closer than 10 meters to the nearest rail.
When giving a signal prohibiting movement at a railway crossing, the regulator stands facing the driver with their chest or back, with a baton raised above the head, with a red lantern or flag, or with arms spread to the sides.
In case of a forced stop of a vehicle at a railway crossing, the driver must try to remove it from the railway track, and if this cannot be done, must timely warn the driver of the railed vehicle about the danger and immediately take all safety measures that depend on them, specifically: a) immediately disembark passengers from the vehicle; b) if possible, send two persons along the railway tracks on both sides of the railway crossing for 1000 meters (if sending only one, send them to the side with worse visibility) and explain to them the rules for signaling the approaching train driver to stop; c) remain near the vehicle and give a general alarm signal; d) when the train appears, run toward it and give a stop signal.
A stop signal is a circular hand movement (during the day – with a bright-colored cloth or any easily distinguishable object, at night – with a torch or lantern). A general alarm signal is one long and three short sound signals.

If the track passes over the carriageway, each road traffic participant, upon the approach of a tram or other railed vehicle, must free the track as quickly as possible for the railed vehicle to pass.
Overtaking a moving or stopped railed vehicle whose track is located on the carriageway is done from the right side. If due to a narrow passage it is impossible to give way to and overtake the oncoming vehicle from the right side, this maneuver may be performed from the left side, provided this does not restrict or create danger for road traffic participants moving in the opposite direction. On the carriageway of a one-way road, overtaking may be done from the left side if justified by the requirements of traffic organization.

Taking into account the requirements established by Article 33, paragraph 4 of this Law, in a populated area, to facilitate the movement of a route vehicle, drivers of other vehicles must slow down and, if necessary, stop so that the route vehicle can perform the maneuver necessary to leave the stopping point. The driver of the route vehicle is obliged, after signaling the intention to resume movement with a turn indicator, to take precautionary measures necessary to avoid a road traffic accident and begin movement only after being convinced that other vehicles give way.
Beyond the intersection, where tram tracks cross the carriageway, the tram has priority over non-railed vehicles, except in the case of exit from the depot.
On a road where there is a lane designated for the movement of route vehicles marked with road signs 5.11, 5.13.1, 5.13.2, 5.14 and 5.41, movement and stopping of other vehicles on this lane is prohibited, except for the exception specified in paragraph 4 of this article. If this lane is separated from the rest of the carriageway by a broken marking line, when turning, other vehicles must merge into this lane. It is also permitted to enter this lane at such places when entering the road and during passenger boarding/disembarking at the right edge of the carriageway, if this does not obstruct the movement of the route vehicle and/or the movement of light automobiles – taxis (M1 category) and/or motorcycles (except three-wheeled) and/or mopeds (except three-wheeled) of the appropriate category determined and/or permitted by a decision of the municipality's representative body on the special lane designated for the movement of route vehicles.
On a road where there is a lane designated for the movement of route vehicles marked with road signs 5.11, 5.13.1, 5.13.2, 5.14 and 5.41, movement and/or stopping (except for places marked with road sign 5.16 and road marking 1.17) of light automobiles – taxis (M1 category) and/or motorcycles (except three-wheeled) and/or mopeds (except three-wheeled) of the appropriate category determined and/or permitted by a decision of the municipality's representative body is possible for the purpose of passenger boarding/disembarking, if this does not obstruct the movement of the route vehicle. In cases provided for in this article, crossing the solid marking line of the special lane designated for the movement of route vehicles ("BUS LANE") by light automobiles – taxis (M1 category) and/or motorcycles (except three-wheeled) and/or mopeds (except three-wheeled) of the appropriate category is prohibited.

In a tunnel marked with a road sign, the following rules apply: a) the driver is prohibited from reversing or turning around; b) the driver must turn on dipped or high beam headlights, regardless of whether the tunnel is lit; c) the driver may stop or park the vehicle only in case of emergency or danger. Additionally, they must use a specially marked place, if possible; d) in case of long stops, the driver must switch off the engine; e) in case of forced stopping, the driver must ensure compliance with the requirements related to forced stopping in prohibited places established by this Law.

Driving a bicycle and a two-wheeled electric scooter on the road is permitted for persons at least 14 years of age, and driving a moped, snowmobile and motorsled – for persons at least 16 years of age, only with the appropriate special helmet.
In the presence of a bicycle lane, bicycle path, snowmobile/motorsled path, bicycle, snowmobile and motorsled drivers are prohibited from moving on the carriageway, outside the bicycle lane, bicycle path, snowmobile/motorsled path. Movement of bicycles and snowmobiles/motorsleds on the carriageway is permitted only on the rightmost lane of the road in one row, and on the shoulder – if this does not obstruct pedestrian movement. Drivers of snowmobiles and motorsleds are prohibited from moving on a snow/ice skiing slope and/or on a road (track), except for cases of movement by authorized persons in the snow/ice skiing zone (area) for rescue, rehabilitation, police and other purposes, whose snowmobile/motorsled must be equipped with a flashing light at a height of at least 1.5 meters (in the case of a snowmobile – on the cabin, and in the case of a motorsled and other cases – on a special pole).
If there is no bicycle lane, bicycle path or shoulder, and movement on the carriageway is difficult, movement of a bicycle on the sidewalk is permitted provided that pedestrian movement is not obstructed.
Bicycle and moped drivers are permitted to move in a column. In the case of movement of bicycle and moped columns on the carriageway, they must be divided into groups of no more than 10 units each. To facilitate overtaking, the distance between groups should be 80-100 meters.
A bicycle driver is prohibited from turning left or turning around on a road where there are tram tracks, as well as on a road with more than one lane in the same direction of travel.
At unregulated crossings of a bicycle path with a road passing beyond the intersection, the bicycle driver must give way to drivers of vehicles moving on this road.
Drivers of bicycles, snowmobiles, motorsleds and light quadricycles are prohibited from moving if they do not hold the steering wheel with at least one hand. Towing of bicycles, snowmobiles, motorsleds, light quadricycles and two-wheeled electric scooters or towing of another vehicle by said vehicles (except for cases provided for in paragraph 8 of this article), transport of cargo that protrudes beyond the dimensions by more than 0.5 meters in width or length, or carrying/loaning objects that may interfere with driving or create danger for other road traffic participants is prohibited. This rule also applies to motorcycle and moped drivers, but at the same time, they must hold the steering wheel with both hands, except when it is necessary to give hand signals related to performing a maneuver specified in this Law.
Towing of a trailer designed for operation together with said transport by a bicycle, snowmobile, motorsled, moped, two-wheeled electric scooter, motorcycle without a sidecar is permitted.
A bicycle driver is prohibited from carrying a passenger (except for a child under 7 years of age, if said vehicle is equipped with reliable footrests and an additional seat). Motorcycle, moped, snowmobile and motorsled drivers may carry passengers only in a sidecar (if available) and/or on an additional seat arranged behind the driver's seat, only with the appropriate special helmet. Carrying a passenger on a two-wheeled electric scooter is prohibited.
When moving, motorcycle, moped, quadricycle, snowmobile and motorsled drivers and passengers must use appropriate special helmets.
A bicycle must have a functional brake, steering wheel and sound signal. It must be equipped with: in front – a reflector and a white lantern or headlamp (for movement in dark hours or in conditions of insufficient visibility), at the rear – a reflector or red lamp, on both sides – orange or red reflectors.
Movement by two-wheeled electric scooter, snowmobile and motorsled is permitted on the shoulder, sidewalk, pedestrian path, pedestrian zone, residential zone, bicycle path and bicycle lane. In places where pedestrians move, those moving on two-wheeled electric scooters and motorsleds must give way to pedestrians, must not obstruct them and must not create danger to their movement.
In places where pedestrians move, movement of two-wheeled electric scooters, snowmobiles and motorsleds is permitted only at a reasonable proximity and at normal pedestrian speed (5 km/h). In the absence of pedestrians, the speed of a two-wheeled electric scooter, snowmobile and motorsled should not exceed 20 km/h.
In the absence of a shoulder, sidewalk, pedestrian path, bicycle path, bicycle lane, snowmobile/motorsled path, movement of a two-wheeled electric scooter and motorsled at the edge of the carriageway is permitted if traffic intensity allows. In cases provided for in this paragraph, drivers of two-wheeled electric scooters, snowmobiles and motorsleds must be guided by the rules of movement of bicycles on the carriageway.
At an unregulated pedestrian crossing, as well as when crossing a place on the carriageway that is not marked by an appropriate road sign or horizontal road marking as a crossing, bicycle, two-wheeled electric scooter, snowmobile and motorsled drivers have: a) the obligation to give way to drivers of other vehicles moving on this road (except for the case provided for in subparagraph "b" of this paragraph); b) priority over drivers who perform the maneuver of turning to enter this carriageway.
A moped driver is prohibited from moving in the zone of action of road sign 3.5.
Movement on a moped on the sidewalk is prohibited.

Article 44. Special Rules Applicable in Areas Declared as Pedestrian Zones and in Residential Zones

In a residential zone marked with the appropriate sign: a) pedestrians may move along the entire width of the road; children's play is permitted; b) the driver must move at a speed not exceeding 20 km/h; c) the driver must not create danger for the pedestrian and must not restrict their movement. If necessary, the driver must stop the vehicle; d) the pedestrian must not unreasonably hinder the movement of traffic; e) when leaving the residential zone, the road traffic participant must give way at the intersection to other road traffic participants; f) parking of a mechanical vehicle outside specially designated places marked with road signs and/or markings is prohibited.
In an area declared as a pedestrian zone, a vehicle moves taking into account the requirements established by paragraph 1 of this article.
In areas declared as pedestrian zones and in residential zones, through traffic, learner driving and standing with the engine running are prohibited; at the same time, the pedestrian has priority over other road traffic participants.
The requirements established by this article also apply to the territory of a yard.

Article 45. Towing of a Mechanical Vehicle

Towing of a mechanical vehicle (without a trailer) by another mechanical vehicle is permitted in the manner established by this Law.
Towing of a mechanical vehicle may be performed with rigid or flexible coupling or partial loading.
When towing a mechanical vehicle with rigid or flexible coupling, the towed vehicle must be driven by a driver, except when the rigid coupling structure, during movement, ensures that the towed vehicle follows the trajectory of the towing vehicle.
When towing with rigid or flexible coupling, carrying passengers on a towed bus, trolleybus and in the body of a truck is prohibited, and when towing with partial loading – the presence of a person in the towed mechanical vehicle, as well as on the body of the towing vehicle.
The distance between the towing and towed vehicles when towing with flexible coupling must be 4-6 meters, and when towing with rigid coupling – no more than 4 meters.
Towing is prohibited: a) of a mechanical vehicle whose steering mechanism is faulty, with rigid or flexible coupling; b) of two or more mechanical vehicles, as well as of a mechanical vehicle that has two or more trailers; c) of a mechanical vehicle with a non-functional brake system, if its actual mass exceeds half of the actual mass of the towing vehicle, and if the mass is less, towing is permitted only with rigid coupling or partial loading; d) by a motorcycle without a sidecar, as well as towing of such a motorcycle; d1) by a two-wheeled moped and/or towing of a two-wheeled moped; e) with flexible coupling when the road is icy; f) by a vehicle carrying dangerous cargo, as well as towing of such a vehicle; g) in other cases specified by this Law.
At any time of day and night, the towing mechanical vehicle must have dipped beam headlights on, the towed mechanical vehicle must have emergency light signalization on, and in its absence or malfunction, an emergency stop sign must be attached to the rear of this transport.
When towing a mechanical vehicle, the towing (connecting) device must be marked with flags or other warning devices so that it is easily noticeable to other road traffic participants at any time of day and night.
When towing a mechanical vehicle, to mark flexible connecting rings, flags, warning devices or a 200x200 mm board are used, on which diagonally painted 50 mm wide alternating red and white stripes with a reflective surface. At least two warning devices (flags) are attached to the flexible connecting ring.
The design of the rigid towing device must comply with the requirements of the state standard.

Article 46. Carriage of Passengers

It is prohibited to carry passengers in a number or manner that hinders the driving of the vehicle or restricts the driver's field of view.
Carrying passengers in the body of a truck with a board platform is permitted if it meets the requirements established by Georgian legislation.
Passengers may be carried in the body of a truck by a person who meets the requirements established by Article 56 of this Law: a) paragraph 7, if the number of passengers, excluding the driver, does not exceed 8; b) paragraph 8, if the number of passengers exceeds 8.
For cases of carrying passengers in the body of a truck belonging to the Ministry of Defense of Georgia by a military serviceman, the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia may, by order, establish conditions different from those specified in paragraph 3 of this article.
The number of passengers carried in the body of a truck should not exceed the number of seats arranged for seating. Before starting the trip, the truck driver is obliged to instruct passengers on the rules of boarding and placement in the body. The driver should begin movement only when convinced that all conditions for safely transporting passengers are observed.
Only a person accompanying cargo or receiving it has the right to travel in the body of a truck with a board platform not arranged for carrying passengers, if the automobile is provided with a seat located below the level of the boards.
When carrying a group of children in a bus or a truck with a van body, the group must be accompanied by an adult escort, and when carrying in the body of a truck with a board platform provided with seating places – at least two such persons. An identification sign "Carriage of Children" must be attached to the front and rear of the vehicle.
The driver is obliged to carry out boarding and disembarking of passengers only after a complete stop of the vehicle, and to start movement when the door is closed, and not to open it until a complete stop.
A truck with a board platform for carrying passengers must be provided with seating places located at a height of 0.3-0.5 meters from the floor and at least 0.3 meters from the upper edge of the board, and when carrying a group of children, the height of the boards from the floor must be at least 0.8 meters. Seating places located along the rear or side boards must have solid backs.
Carriage of passengers is prohibited: a) outside the cabin or saloon of an automobile (except for cases of carrying passengers in the body of a truck with a van body or a board platform), tractor, other self-propelled machine, by truck trailer, trailer-cottage, in the body of a cargo motorcycle and outside the seating places provided for by the design of a motorcycle; b) if the number of passengers exceeds the number provided for by the technical characteristics of the vehicle (excluding children under 12); c) if the actual mass of the vehicle exceeds its permitted maximum mass; d) in other cases specified by Georgian legislation.

Article 46¹. Additional Requirements for Carriage of Passengers During Events – Excursions Organized/Arranged by Preschool Education and Upbringing Institutions or General Education Institutions

In the case of carriage of passengers during an event – an excursion organized/arranged by a preschool education and upbringing institution or a general education institution (hereinafter – excursion), the requirements established by this article must be additionally observed.
For the purposes of this article, an excursion is an entertainment, educational and/or training event organized/arranged by a preschool education and upbringing institution or a general education institution, which involves the carriage of passengers by a motor vehicle and concerning the organization/arrangement of which a legal act of the director of said institution has been issued.
Within the framework of the excursion, the driver of the motor vehicle is obliged to have with them, and at the request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, to present: a) a document confirming the passage of periodic technical inspection of the motor vehicle issued within the last 6 months; b) a certificate of narcological examination issued within the last 1 month by an appropriate medical institution or a state expert institution, by which the fact of use of narcotic substances by the driver of the motor vehicle is not confirmed, and a certificate confirming that the driver of the motor vehicle is not on narcological registration; c) a legal act of the director of the institution specified in paragraph 2 of this article, or a duly certified copy thereof, which indicates at least the institution organizing/arranging the excursion, the address of that institution, the identity of its director, the identity of the adult leader of the excursion (educator-teacher, educator, teacher, other person employed at said institution), the names of all municipalities in which movement is envisaged within the framework of the excursion, and the approximate distance that is envisaged to be covered within the framework of the excursion.
At least 5 years must have elapsed since the driver of the motor vehicle obtained the right to drive a vehicle of the appropriate category and/or subcategory.
During the movement of the motor vehicle within the framework of the excursion, the number of passengers must not exceed the number of seats established for it by the manufacturer of said motor vehicle.
During the movement of the motor vehicle within the framework of the excursion, all passengers must use seat belts.
When carrying a passenger within the framework of the excursion who is a person with disabilities, their needs must be taken into account.
Within the framework of the excursion, passengers must be accompanied by the adult leader of the excursion (educator-teacher, educator, teacher, other person employed at the institution organizing/arranging the excursion). They are responsible for ensuring the use of seat belts by them. The adult leader of the excursion is obliged to have with them, and at the request of an authorized person of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia, to present the legal act of the director of the institution specified in paragraph 2 of this article, or a duly certified copy thereof.
If the approximate distance to be covered within the framework of the excursion is more than 500 km, the driver of the motor vehicle must be accompanied by a person who meets the requirements established by subparagraph "b" of paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 of this article.
Within the framework of the excursion, a fire extinguisher and a first aid kit with appropriate contents must be kept in the motor vehicle. The contents of the first aid kit are determined by a decree of the Government of Georgia.
The rules for organizing/arranging an excursion are approved by a decree of the Government of Georgia.

Article 47. Cargo of a Vehicle

If a permitted maximum mass is established for a vehicle, the actual mass of a loaded vehicle must not exceed the permitted maximum mass.
The permitted maximum mass of a vehicle is determined by the registration document. If the registration document does not define the permitted maximum mass, the permitted maximum mass of the vehicle is considered to be the gross mass limit established by the manufacturer for a given vehicle, if it does not exceed the limit established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.
Movement on the road of a vehicle is prohibited if: a) the maximum load on each drive or non-drive axle and/or its actual mass and/or their accompanying parameters exceed the limit values established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia and/or the actual mass exceeds the gross mass established by the manufacturer for a given vehicle; b) the parameters meet at least one of the indicators defined by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.
If, without damage to the transport or cargo, it is possible to reduce the size/mass below the established limit specified in paragraph 3 of this article through its adjustment and/or redistribution of cargo, the driver is obliged to ensure this before starting movement, and if this is impossible – to be guided by the rules established by Georgian legislation for the movement of oversized (large-sized) or overweight (heavy) vehicles.
In addition to the prohibition of exceeding the permitted maximum mass with the actual mass, the effect of paragraph 3 of this article does not apply to: a) an oversized (large-sized) or overweight (heavy) vehicle that moves on the road after agreement with the authorized body (agency) in the manner established by Georgian legislation, in accordance with the terms of this agreement; b) a vehicle that, upon entering the territory of Georgia through a customs checkpoint located in a seaport, subsequently moves from the territory of the seaport to the nearest customs control zone provided for by the Customs Code of Georgia located within a 10 km radius, along the route established by the customs authority; c) a vehicle that, upon entering the territory of Georgia, moves through a customs checkpoint, to the nearest railway station located within a 25 km radius of the location of the customs authority, to the customs control zone provided for by the Customs Code of Georgia, along the route established by the customs authority.
Movement of an oversized (large-sized) or overweight (heavy) vehicle on the road is permitted only after agreement with the authorized body (agency) in the manner established by the Government of Georgia, in accordance with the terms of this agreement.
A vehicle is considered overweight (heavy) if the maximum load on each drive or non-drive axle and/or actual mass and/or their accompanying parameters exceed the limit values established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.
A vehicle is considered oversized (large-sized) if its height, width and/or length and/or their accompanying parameters exceed the limit values established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia.
A vehicle is not considered overweight (heavy) and/or oversized (large-sized) if, without damage to it or the cargo, it is possible to reduce the limit values of parameters established by a normative act of the Government of Georgia below them through their adjustment and/or redistribution of cargo.
Movement of a vehicle carrying dangerous cargo is permitted only in the manner established by Georgian legislation.
Any cargo on a vehicle must be placed and, if necessary, secured in such a way that during its transportation: a) no danger is created to other road traffic participants, no damage is caused to state, public and private property, the cargo is not dragged or dropped on the road; b) visibility and field of view are not restricted, the stability of the vehicle is not disturbed and its driving is not impeded; c) the lights of the vehicle, the "Stop" signal, turn indicators, reflective devices, registration number and identifying sign of the registering state, as well as hand signals specified by this Law, are not covered; d) other requirements specified by Georgian legislation are not violated.
All auxiliary devices used to secure and ensure the safety of cargo (ropes, chains, tarpaulins) must be firmly stretched and securely fastened, and must meet the requirements for cargo specified in paragraph 11 of this article.
Cargo protruding more than 1 meter beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front and/or rear, or more than 0.4 meters from the outer edge of the clearance light from the side, must be marked with the identification sign "Oversized (Large-sized) Cargo", as well as in dark time of day or in conditions of insufficient visibility, in front – with a white lantern or reflector, at the rear – with a red lantern or reflector.
The driver is obliged to ensure the placement, distribution and fastening of cargo on the vehicle in such a way that from the beginning of cargo transportation to its completion, the requirements specified by Georgian legislation are not violated.
In case of non-compliance with the requirements established by Georgian legislation for the transportation of cargo, the driver is obliged to eliminate it or stop movement.
Unless otherwise provided for by international treaties and agreements of Georgia, the requirements established by this article apply to a mechanical vehicle that is in international traffic on the territory of Georgia.

Chapter IV

Sound, Light and Special Signals

Article 48. Sound and Light Signals

A sound signal may be used only: a) for timely warning of road traffic participants, to prevent a road traffic accident; b) outside a populated area, when it is necessary to warn the driver of another vehicle about the intention to overtake.
The sound signal should not be longer than necessary.
In a populated area, to warn the driver of another vehicle about the intention to overtake, a light signal may be turned on in daylight hours by periodic, short switching on and off of headlights, and at dark hours of the day – by repeatedly switching the dipped beam of headlights to high beam, and in a non-populated area – instead of a sound signal or together with it.
Giving sound and light signals does not give the driver priority over other road traffic participants.

Article 49. Conditions for Use of External Lighting Devices

At dark time of day, as well as in conditions of insufficient visibility, on a moving mechanical vehicle, dipped or high beam headlights and rear clearance lights must be on, and on a trailer – front clearance lights (if their presence is provided for by Georgian legislation) and at least two rear clearance lights.
High beam headlights must be switched off and dipped beam headlights must be switched on instead in the following cases: a) in a populated area, if the road is sufficiently lit, and in a non-populated area, if the carriageway is evenly lit and this lighting is sufficient to ensure good visibility for the driver at a sufficient distance, as well as for other road traffic participants to see the given vehicle at a sufficient distance; b) when giving way to an oncoming vehicle, at a distance of at least 150 meters from the vehicle, so that the light of the headlights does not blind the driver of the oncoming vehicle and allows them to continue driving calmly and safely, as well as at a greater distance if the driver of a vehicle moving in the opposite direction indicates the need for this by periodic switching of the headlight/headlights; c) in any other conditions when it is necessary to avoid blinding other road traffic participants or persons using navigable or railway ways running along the road.
In case of blinding by the light of the headlights of a mechanical vehicle coming from the opposite direction, the driver must, without changing the traffic lane, slow down, stop and turn on emergency light signalization. Resumption of movement is permitted only after complete restoration of vision.
If a mechanical vehicle is equipped with front fog lights, they must be of white or yellow selective light, two, and on a motorcycle – one. Front fog lights must be installed so that none of the points of their illuminating surface is above the highest point of the illuminating surface of the dipped beam headlights. If rear fog lights are installed on a mechanical vehicle or trailer, they must be red.
In conditions of insufficient visibility or when driving on narrow, winding roads, fog lights are turned on together with high or dipped beam headlights.
On a mechanical vehicle equipped with front clearance lights, such lights must be turned on together with high or dipped beam headlights or front fog lights.
During daylight hours, at least one dipped beam headlight must be turned on at the front, and a red light at the rear, on any motorcycle moving on the road.
For the purpose of marking a vehicle moving on the road during daylight hours, it is mandatory to turn on dipped beam headlights and rear clearance lights: a) when moving in an organized transport column; b) when carrying a group of children by bus or in the body of a properly equipped truck; c) when moving an oversized (large-sized) or overweight (heavy) vehicle, as well as a vehicle carrying dangerous cargo; d) when towing a mechanical vehicle, on the towing vehicle; e) on a route vehicle, on a lane specially designated for it, when moving in the direction opposite to the main flow.
From dusk to dawn, as well as in any other conditions of insufficient visibility, during stopping or parking on the road, a mechanical vehicle and its trailer must be marked with front and rear clearance lights. In dense fog, heavy snow, heavy rain or similar conditions, dipped beam headlights or front fog lights may be turned on. In such conditions, rear fog lights may additionally be turned on together with rear clearance lights.
In a populated area, parking lights may be turned on instead of front and rear clearance lights, provided that: a) the length of the vehicle does not exceed 6 meters, and the width – 2 meters; b) the vehicle does not have a trailer.
Notwithstanding the requirements established by paragraphs 9 and 10 of this article, a mechanical vehicle may stop or be in the parking lot without turning on any external lighting devices: a) on a road lit in such a way that the vehicle can be seen (distinguished) well at a considerable distance; b) outside the carriageway and shoulders with solid covering.
Turning on the reverse light is permitted only when the vehicle is reversing or is about to reverse.
It is prohibited to equip a vehicle with red lights in front and white lights at the rear. It is not permitted to change the design of the vehicle or equip it with additional lights that may conflict with these requirements.
On one vehicle, headlights of the same purpose and directed to the same side must be of the same color. An even number of headlights and reflective devices must be arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal middle section of the vehicle, except for vehicles whose external shape is not symmetrical. Each pair of headlights of the same purpose must have clearly equal luminous intensity.
The use of a spotlight headlight and a searchlight headlight is permitted only in a non-populated area, if there are no vehicles moving in the opposite direction. In a populated area, only drivers of operational and special service vehicles may use such headlights while performing official duties.
The identification sign "Road Train" must be turned on during the movement of a road train, and in dark time of day and in conditions of insufficient visibility – also during its stopping and parking.

Article 50. Other Conditions for Lighting of Some Road Traffic Participants and Vehicles

From dusk to dawn, any vehicle or combination of vehicles on the road, to which the provisions of Article 49 of this Law do not apply, must have at least one front white or yellow selective light and at least one rear red light. If there is only one front or one rear headlight, this headlight must be located in the center or on the left side of the vehicle.
A cart that moves by hand must have at least one front white or yellow selective light and at least one rear red light. The source of these two lights may be one lantern, which must be located on the left side of the cart. A lantern is not required for a hand cart whose width does not exceed 1 meter.
Horse-drawn transport must have at least one front white or yellow selective light and one rear red light. One lantern on each of the front and rear must be located on the left side. If it is impossible to attach the above lanterns to the vehicle, they may be carried by an accompanying person who directly follows the vehicle. In addition, horse-drawn transport must have two red reflective devices at the rear, which must be located as close as possible to the edges of the vehicle. A lantern is not required for horse-drawn transport whose width does not exceed 1 meter, but in this case, one reflective device must be installed at the rear, on the left side, or in the center.
When moving on the carriageway during the night hours: a) a group of pedestrians led by a leader or moving in formation must have at least one white or yellow selective light on the left side in front and at least one red light at the rear or yellow light in front and at the rear; b) a rider of draft, pack or riding livestock or a shepherd of a herd must have at least one white or yellow selective light on the left side of movement in front and one red light at the rear or yellow light in front and at the rear. One device may be used as the source of this light.
Observance of the requirements established by paragraph 4 of this article is not mandatory within the limits of a properly lit populated area.

Article 51. Use of Special Flashing Signal and Sound Signal

The driver of an operational or special service vehicle, which has a blue flashing special light signal turned on and is performing an official assignment, may, subject to ensuring road traffic safety, deviate from the requirements established by Articles 25, 31-41 and 44 of this Law, as well as by Annexes No. 1 and No. 2 of this Law. Together with the blue flashing special light signal, a red flashing light signal may additionally be turned on. To obtain priority over other road traffic participants, the driver of this vehicle must turn on the blue flashing special light signal and the sound signal. Priority may only be used when the driver is convinced that way is being given. The same right is enjoyed by the driver of a vehicle escorted by an operational or special service vehicle, which has dipped beam headlights on.
Road traffic participants are obliged, upon the approach of an operational or special service vehicle, which has a blue flashing special light signal and sound signal turned on and/or which gives a signal with a loudspeaker device, to free place on the carriageway for it, as well as for the vehicle escorted by it, which has dipped beam headlights on, and, if necessary, to stop.
When approaching a vehicle standing with the blue flashing special light signal turned on, the driver must reduce speed so that, if necessary, they can immediately stop the transport.
A driver who has an orange or yellow flashing special light signal turned on the vehicle and who performs construction, repair or cleaning work on the road, or who carries dangerous cargo, or who moves with an oversized (large-sized) or overweight (heavy) vehicle, may deviate from the requirements established by road signs and markings, as well as by paragraphs 5-10, 15 and 16 of Article 31 and paragraph 1 of Article 38 of this Law, if road traffic safety is ensured. An orange or yellow flashing special light signal does not give priority over other road traffic participants and is used to attract attention to prevent potential danger.
The use of a special flashing signal and/or sound signal is prohibited if it is not connected with the performance of official duties.
Special coloring may be used on an operational or special service vehicle.
Special flashing and sound signals, as well as a special loudspeaker device, may be installed on a special vehicle of the collection service. Special flashing and sound signals are turned on simultaneously only in case of threat of attack or attack.
The installation of a special flashing signal and sound signal, as well as a special loudspeaker device, on a vehicle and giving a vehicle a special coloring is carried out in accordance with the procedure defined by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
It is prohibited to install a flashing signal of any color other than the color defined by Georgian legislation on a vehicle with the aim of misleading a road traffic participant.

Article 52. Emergency Light Signalization and Emergency Stop Sign

Emergency light signalization is used to warn other road traffic participants about potential danger. Emergency light signalization must be turned on: a) if a participant of a road traffic accident or a broken-down vehicle cannot be removed or towed immediately and this hinders other road traffic participants; b) during forced stopping in a place where stopping is prohibited; c) when the driver is blinded by the light of the headlights of an oncoming mechanical vehicle, if they are forced to stop; d) during towing (on the towed vehicle); e) in cases provided for by paragraph 14 of Article 21 of this Law, when moving a broken-down vehicle to a parking lot or repair location; f) to warn road traffic participants about other types of danger.
After turning on emergency light signalization, as well as if such signalization does not exist or is broken, the driver must immediately set up an "Emergency Stop Sign", and in conditions of insufficient visibility – a flashing red lantern: a) during a road traffic accident; b) during forced stopping in a place where stopping is prohibited, and where, taking into account visibility conditions, other drivers will not be able to timely notice the vehicle.
The "Emergency Stop Sign" and the flashing red lantern must be placed at a distance from the vehicle that, in specific conditions, ensures timely warning of other drivers about the danger, but this distance must not be less than 15 meters in a populated area, and less than 30 meters in a non-populated area.
In the absence of an emergency stop sign or flashing red lantern, the driver must ensure timely warning of approaching drivers by other similarly effective means.
The emergency stop sign is an equilateral triangular board with sides of at least 0.4 meters in length and a red border of at least 0.05 meters in width. The middle part of this triangle may be hollow or painted with light-colored paint. The red border must not transmit light or must have a strip with reflective properties. The board must be arranged so that it can be stably set in a vertical position. The emergency stop sign is depicted in Annex No. 3 of this Law.

Chapter V

Registration and Cancellation of Registration of a Vehicle, Its Numbered Aggregates and Auxiliary Technical Means of an Agricultural Machine

Article 53. Registration and Cancellation of Registration of a Vehicle, Its Numbered Aggregates and Auxiliary Technical Means of an Agricultural Machine

In the presence of circumstances defined by Georgian legislation, the following are subject to registration in the established manner: a) a mechanical vehicle (except for mechanical vehicles defined by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia); b) a trailer designed for towing by a mechanical vehicle defined by subparagraph "a" of this paragraph; c) a sports-purpose automobile; d) numbered aggregates of vehicles defined by subparagraphs "a"-"c" of this paragraph; e) auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine; f) vehicles, their numbered aggregates and auxiliary technical means of agricultural machines defined by subparagraphs "a"-"e" of this paragraph, manufactured or converted in an individual (homemade) manner.
In the presence of circumstances defined by Georgian legislation, cancellation of registration of registered vehicles, their numbered aggregates and auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine defined by paragraph 1 of this article is mandatory.
As a result of the registration of vehicles defined by paragraph 1 of this article in the manner established by Georgian legislation, a registration certificate and a registration number (state license plate or plates) are issued, and as a result of the registration of auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine – a technical coupon of the form approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
Before the registration or cancellation of registration (removal from registration) of vehicles and auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine defined by paragraph 1 of this article, as well as in other cases established by Georgian legislation, other types of registration signs are issued (transit number, internal transit, "TEST" number, removal from registration card, temporary certificate, etc.).
When registering vehicles defined in this article, along with other registration data, their permitted maximum mass and unladen mass must be indicated, if these vehicles are intended for carrying cargo.
Registration and cancellation of registration of vehicles, their numbered aggregates and auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine in the manner established by Georgian legislation is carried out by the Agency, which also issues registration certificates, registration numbers (state license plates/plates), technical coupons, other types of registration signs, and in the presence of circumstances defined by Georgian legislation, determines the permitted maximum mass and unladen mass of vehicles (except for the case provided for in paragraph 8 of this article, as well as ground electric transport).
The Ministry of Defense of Georgia is authorized to carry out the registration and cancellation of registration of vehicles and their numbered aggregates belonging to it, defined by paragraph 1 of this article, itself or at the Agency.
In the case of the Ministry of Defense of Georgia carrying out the registration of vehicles and their numbered aggregates belonging to it, it issues a registration certificate and registration number of the sample established by Georgian legislation.
The individual (homemade) manufacture or conversion of vehicles, their numbered aggregates and auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine defined by this article is permitted only in the manner established by Georgian legislation.
The sample of the registration number (state license plate and plates), internal transit, transit number and "TEST" number of the vehicle is approved by the Government of Georgia.

10¹. The form of the registration certificate of vehicles is approved by the Government of Georgia.

License plates are assigned to ground electric transport by the relevant agency.
The grounds for registration and cancellation of registration of vehicles, their numbered aggregates and auxiliary technical means of an agricultural machine, the rules and conditions for registration and cancellation of registration, issuance of the registration certificate, registration number (state license plate or plates), technical coupon, other types of registration signs, as well as the determination of the permitted maximum mass and unladen mass of vehicles (except for the case provided for in paragraph 8 of this article, as well as ground electric transport) are established by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia "On the Registration and Cancellation of Registration of Vehicles".
Registration number (state license plate or plates), transit number, internal transit, "TEST" number are attached to vehicles (except for ground electric transport) in special places.

Chapter VI

Right to Drive a Vehicle

Article 54. Categories and Subcategories of Vehicles

Only a person has the right to drive a vehicle of a category and/or subcategory defined by this article: a) whose state of health meets the health requirements for driving a vehicle defined by Georgian legislation; b) who has been granted the right to drive a vehicle of the appropriate category and/or subcategory in the manner established by Georgian legislation and this right is not suspended, revoked or terminated (canceled); c) who has been admitted by the Agency to the second stage of the practical examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle and participates in it during this stage.
Vehicles for driving which it is mandatory to obtain the appropriate right to drive are divided into the following categories: a) "AM" – moped and light quadricycle; b) "A" – motorcycle; c) "B" – automobile (except for a vehicle belonging to category "A"), whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 3,500 kg and whose number of seats, excluding the driver's seat, does not exceed 8; a category "B" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 750 kg; a category "B" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 750 kg but does not exceed the unladen mass of the automobile, and the total permitted maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 3,500 kg; d) "C" – automobile (except for a vehicle belonging to category "D") whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 3,500 kg; a category "C" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 750 kg; e) "D" – automobile designed for carrying passengers and whose number of seats, excluding the driver's seat, exceeds 8; a category "D" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 750 kg; f) "BE" – a category "B" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 750 kg and the unladen mass of the automobile; a category "B" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 750 kg, and the total permitted maximum mass of such a combination exceeds 3,500 kg; g) "CE" – a category "C" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 750 kg; h) "DE" – a category "D" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 750 kg; i) "T" – agricultural machine; a category "T" mechanical vehicle coupled with a trailer; j) "S" – specialized self-propelled machine; a category "S" mechanical vehicle coupled with a trailer; k) tram.
Within categories "A", "B", "C", "CE", "D" and "DE", vehicles for driving which it is mandatory to obtain the appropriate right to drive are divided into the following subcategories: a) "A1" – motorcycle whose engine displacement does not exceed 125 cm³, maximum power – 11 kW, and power/weight coefficient – 0.1 kW/kg (light motorcycle); b) "A2" – motorcycle whose maximum power does not exceed 35 kW, and power/weight coefficient – 0.2 kW/kg; c) "B1" – motorized tricycle; quadricycle; d) "C1" – automobile (except for a vehicle belonging to category "D") whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 3,500 kg, but does not exceed 7,500 kg; a subcategory "C1" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 750 kg; e) "D1" – automobile designed for carrying passengers and whose number of seats, excluding the driver's seat, exceeds 8 but does not exceed 16; a subcategory "D1" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 750 kg; f) "C1E" – a subcategory "C1" automobile coupled with a trailer whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 750 kg but does not exceed the unladen mass of the automobile, and the total permitted maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 12,000 kg; g) "D1E" – a subcategory "D1" automobile coupled with a trailer that is not designed for carrying passengers and whose permitted maximum mass exceeds 750 kg but does not exceed the unladen mass of the automobile, and the total permitted maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 12,000 kg.

Article 55. Examination for Obtaining the Right to Drive a Vehicle and Requirements Necessary for Granting the Right to Drive

Except for cases provided for by Georgian legislation, the right to drive vehicles of the categories and/or subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law may be granted to a person who has successfully passed the corresponding driving right examination (theoretical and/or one- or two-stage practical).
A person is admitted to the examination for obtaining the right to drive vehicles of categories and/or subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law, if: a) they have successfully completed the full course of theoretical and practical driving training at a driver training institution(s) in the manner established by Georgian legislation (except for cases provided for in paragraph 3 of this article and the case of admitting a person to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a category "AM" vehicle); b) they meet the requirements established by Georgian legislation for granting the right to drive; c) the grounds for suspension, revocation of the right to drive have been eliminated and the period of suspension, revocation of the right to drive has expired, except for cases provided for by paragraph 5¹ of Article 59 of this Law; d) there are no grounds for termination (cancellation) of the right to drive; e) they meet other requirements established by Georgian legislation.
A person who has reached the age of 18 and has not undergone appropriate training at a driver training institution may be admitted to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a category "B"/subcategory "A1", "A2" or "B1" vehicle. The rule established by this paragraph also applies to the admission of a person who has reached the age of 21 to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a category "A" vehicle in the manner established by Georgian legislation.
The following minimum age limit is established for granting the right to drive a vehicle: a) for a category "AM" vehicle – 16 years; a¹) for a subcategory "A1" vehicle – 17 years; a²) for a subcategory "A2" vehicle – 18 years; b) for a category "A" vehicle: b.a) 21 years, if the person was granted the right to drive a subcategory "A2" vehicle at least 2 years before the request to obtain the right to drive a vehicle of this category; b.b) 24 years, in the absence of the circumstance defined in subparagraph "b.a" of this paragraph; c) for a subcategory "B1" vehicle – 16 years; d) for a category "B" vehicle – 17 years; e) for a category "BE" vehicle – 18 years; f) for subcategory "C1" and "C1E" vehicles – 18 years; g) for category "C" and "CE" vehicles – 21 years; h) for subcategory "D1" and "D1E" vehicles – 21 years; i) for category "D" and "DE" vehicles – 24 years; j) for a category "T" vehicle – 17 years; k) for a category "S" vehicle – 18 years; l) for a tram – 21 years.
The right to drive a subcategory "C1" vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the time of the request to obtain it, has the right to drive a category "B" vehicle.
The right to drive category "C" and "D" vehicles, as well as a subcategory "D1" vehicle, may be granted to a person 1 year after granting the right to drive category "B" vehicles (the time of suspension, revocation of the right to drive is not counted in this period).
The right to drive a subcategory "C1E" vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the time of the request to obtain it, has the right to drive a subcategory "C1" vehicle.
The right to drive a subcategory "D1E" vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the time of the request to obtain it, has the right to drive a subcategory "D1" vehicle.
The right to drive a category "BE" vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the time of the request to obtain it, has the right to drive a category "B" vehicle.
The right to drive a category "CE" vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the time of the request to obtain it, has the right to drive a category "C" vehicle.
The right to drive a category "DE" vehicle may be granted to a person who, at the time of the request to obtain it, has the right to drive a category "D" vehicle.
In the presence of circumstances defined by Georgian legislation, it is mandatory for the authorized body to establish the compliance of a person's state of health with the health requirements for driving a vehicle when admitting the person to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle, as well as when restoring a suspended or revoked right to drive.
A person for whom restrictions related to carrying any device and/or adaptation of a vehicle have been imposed on driving vehicles of categories/subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law in the manner established by Georgian legislation, and/or who is restricted from performing any action and/or other restrictions have been imposed, the right to drive granted to the driver has legal force only in case of fulfillment of the requirements provided for by these restrictions. The restrictions defined in this paragraph are reflected in coded form in the driving license. In addition to the restrictions defined in this paragraph, data containing additional information may be indicated in the driving license in the manner established.
Health requirements for driving vehicles of categories and/or subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law, an authorized person establishing compliance of a person's state of health with these requirements, coded restrictions related to driving provided for in paragraph 13 of this article and the conditions for their establishment, as well as the rules for indicating data containing additional information, are determined by a joint order of the Minister of Internally Displaced Persons from Occupied Territories, Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia and the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
In addition to the requirements provided for in this article, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia, other requirements necessary for granting the right to drive a vehicle may be established.
In relation to military servicemen in military service, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia, requirements different from those defined in this article may be established.
In the presence of the circumstances defined in paragraph 13 of this article, a person who, when driving a vehicle, does not fulfill the requirements provided for by the restrictions, is considered to have no right to drive.

Article 56. Equivalence of the Rights to Drive Categories and Subcategories of Vehicles

A person who has the right to drive a category "A", "B", "C" or "D" vehicle also has the right to drive a subcategory "A1", "A2", "B1", "C1" or "D1" vehicle established within said category.
A person who has the right to drive a category "CE" or "DE" vehicle also has the right to drive a subcategory "C1E" or "D1E" vehicle established within the granted category.
A person who has the right to drive category "CE" or "DE", as well as subcategory "C1E" or "D1E" vehicles, also has the right to drive a category "BE" vehicle.
A person who has the right to drive a category "CE" vehicle, who also has the right to drive a category "D" vehicle, also has the right to drive a category "DE" vehicle.
A person who has the right to drive a subcategory "C1E" vehicle, who also has the right to drive a subcategory "D1" vehicle, also has the right to drive a subcategory "D1E" vehicle.
A person who has the right to drive a category "DE" vehicle, who also has the right to drive a subcategory "C1" vehicle, also has the right to drive a subcategory "C1E" vehicle.
A person who has the right to drive a category "C" vehicle has the right, 1 year after receiving the driving license of this category, in the manner established by Georgian legislation, to transport passengers in the body of a truck, if the number of passengers, excluding the driver, does not exceed 8.
A person who has the right to drive category "C" and "D" vehicles has the right, 3 years after receiving the driving license of category "C", to transport more than 8 passengers in the body of a truck equipped in the manner established by Georgian legislation.

8¹. A person who has the right to drive a category "A" vehicle also has the right to drive a tricycle whose maximum power exceeds 15 kW.

8². A person who has the right to drive a subcategory "A1" vehicle also has the right to drive a tricycle whose maximum power does not exceed 15 kW.

8³. A person who has the right to drive a subcategory "A2" vehicle also has the right to drive a subcategory "A1" vehicle and a tricycle whose maximum power does not exceed 15 kW.

8⁴. A person who has the right to drive any category/subcategory vehicle defined in Article 54 of this Law also has the right to drive a category "AM" vehicle.

A person who has the right to drive a category "B" vehicle has the right to drive a wheeled agricultural tractor whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 4,250 kg, as well as said mechanical vehicle coupled with a trailer, if the total permitted maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 4,250 kg.
A person who has the right to drive a subcategory "C1" vehicle has the right to drive a wheeled agricultural tractor whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 8,250 kg, as well as said mechanical vehicle coupled with a trailer, if the total permitted maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 8,250 kg.
A person who has the right to drive a category "C" vehicle has the right to drive a wheeled agricultural tractor whose permitted maximum mass does not exceed 12,000 kg, as well as said mechanical vehicle coupled with a trailer, if the total permitted maximum mass of such a combination does not exceed 12,000 kg.
The rights defined in paragraphs 9-11 of this article are valid only on the territory of Georgia.
For the holder of a driving license issued by a foreign country, the rights defined in paragraphs 1-11 of this article apply only if provided for by the legislation of the country issuing the driving license.
In addition to the equivalence defined in paragraphs 1-11 of this article, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia, other equivalence of the rights to drive categories and subcategories of vehicles may be established.
In cases provided for by Georgian legislation, in case of indication of an appropriate recommendation in the health certificate by the authorized person, a person who has the right to drive may not be granted or may be restricted in the right to drive an equivalent category/subcategory vehicle defined by this article within the scope of the obtained category/subcategory, and/or other restrictions on driving a vehicle may be imposed.

Article 57. Granting the Right to Drive a Vehicle to a Person Under 18 Years of Age

For the admission of a person under 18 years of age to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle in the case provided for by Georgian legislation, the written consent of one of their parents or guardian is mandatory. In case of successful passing of this examination, a person under 18 years of age is granted the right to drive a vehicle of the appropriate category/subcategory and is given a driving license.

Within its competence, the Agency conducts the examination for obtaining the right to drive vehicles of categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law, grants and cancels the right to drive, restores suspended, revoked or terminated (canceled) right to drive, and issues (including replacing and restoring) and cancels driving licenses, tram driving licenses and international driving licenses.
Granting a person the right to drive a category "AM", "A", "B", "C", "D", "BE", "CE", "DE", "T", "S" vehicle and/or subcategory "A1", "A2", "B1", "C1", "D1", "C1E", "D1E" vehicle is confirmed by the issuance of a driving license for the vehicle (hereinafter – driving license), and granting the right to drive a tram – by the issuance of a tram driving license. At the same time: a) the date of granting the right to drive a vehicle of each category/subcategory is considered to be the date of issuance of the driving license for the vehicle of this category/subcategory; b) the validity period of the driving license for the right to drive vehicles of categories "AM", "A", "B", "BE", "T", "S"/subcategories "A1", "A2", "B1" is: b.a) 15 years (except for the case provided for in subparagraph "b.b" of this paragraph); b.b) in case of indication of a recommendation on the issuance of a driving license with a limited period by the authorized person in the health certificate – the period determined for the necessary verification of the state of health of the interested person, but not more than 5 years; c) the validity period of the driving license for the right to drive vehicles of categories "C", "CE", "D", "DE"/subcategories "C1", "C1E", "D1", "D1E" is: c.a) 5 years (except for the case provided for in subparagraph "c.b" of this paragraph); c.b) in case of indication of a recommendation on the issuance of a driving license with a limited period by the authorized person in the health certificate – the period determined for the necessary verification of the state of health of the interested person, but not more than 3 years; d) the validity period of the driving license for the right to drive a tram is: d.a) 5 years (except for the case provided for in subparagraph "d.b" of this paragraph); d.b) in case of indication of a recommendation on the issuance of a driving license with a limited period by the authorized person in the health certificate – the period determined for the necessary verification of the state of health of the interested person, but not more than 3 years.

2¹. A point system is assigned to a valid driving license confirming the right to drive vehicles of categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law.

2². 100 points are assigned to a driving license issued in Georgia according to the point system: a) on January 1 of each calendar year; b) on the day of issuance of the driving license during a calendar year (obtaining the right to drive a vehicle of another category (subcategory), restoration in the same calendar year of the right to drive suspended or revoked (except for cases provided for in paragraph 5¹ of Article 59 of this Law) during the calendar year, replacement of a driving license during the calendar year or restoration of a lost driving license does not lead to an increase or other change in the number of points defined in this paragraph); c) in cases provided for in paragraph 5¹ of Article 59 of this Law, during the restoration of the right to drive.

2³. Points assigned to a driving license are valid throughout the calendar year. On January 1 of the next calendar year, the remaining number of points assigned to the driving license is canceled and 100 points are again assigned to the driving license. Committing an administrative offense in the field of road traffic on the territory of Georgia during a calendar year entails a reduction in the number of points assigned to the driving license in accordance with Annex No. 5 of this Law.

2⁴. The suspension, revocation or restoration of the right to drive during a calendar year (except for cases provided for in paragraph 5¹ of Article 59 of this Law) does not affect the number of points assigned to the driving license during said calendar year. At the same time, in case of restoration during the current calendar year of the right to drive suspended or revoked during the previous calendar year, the rule established by subparagraph "b" of paragraph 2² of this article shall apply.

2⁵. If, in accordance with the committed administrative offense during a calendar year, the number of points assigned to the driving license is reduced to such an extent that it equals zero or a number less than zero, the specified number of points shall be considered exhausted. The exhaustion of the number of points assigned to the driving license entails the suspension for 1 year of the right to drive all categories (subcategories) of vehicles granted to the holder of this driving license.

2⁶. The authorized body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia is obliged to warn the holder of the driving license about the risk of suspension of the right to drive by e-mail and/or short text message when the number of points assigned to the driving license is reduced to 50 and subsequently to 20, if it has the appropriate contact information of this person.

2⁷. 100 points are assigned to a driving license issued by a foreign country one-time on the territory of Georgia: a) from the day of the emergence of legal force on the territory of Georgia; b) in cases provided for in subparagraphs "a" and "c" of paragraph 2² of this article.

2⁸. The rules established by Articles 58 and 59 of this Law apply to the driving license defined in paragraph 2⁷ of this article. In case of exhaustion of the number of points assigned to a driving license issued by a foreign country, the holder of this driving license is prohibited from driving a mechanical vehicle in Georgia. In this case, the restoration of the right to drive on the territory of Georgia is carried out in the manner established by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

2⁹. The rule on reducing the number of points assigned to a driving license does not apply to administrative offenses recorded on a photo film and/or video film.

2¹⁰. The rules for administering the point system assigned to a driving license are determined by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

In cases provided for in subparagraphs "b", "c" and "d" of paragraph 2 of this article, the validity period of the driving license for the right to drive granted categories (subcategories) of vehicles is renewed in the manner established by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
The total validity period of the driving license must correspond to the maximum validity period of the driving license for the right to drive the granted category (subcategory) of vehicle reflected in it.
Except for cases provided for by Georgian legislation, issuance of a driving license and a tram driving license is considered to be the production (printing) of the driving license for the category/subcategory granted by the Agency and the reflection of appropriate entries in the register of issuance of driving licenses. Before the issuance of the driving license, the person is considered to have no right to drive.
Relevant information on the issuance (including replacement and restoration) of a driving license, tram driving license and international driving license is reflected in the register of issuance of driving licenses maintained by the Agency. In case of discrepancy between the entries in the register of issuance of driving licenses and the entries reflected in the driving license, tram driving license or international driving license, priority is given to the entries in the register of issuance of driving licenses, unless otherwise established by Georgian legislation.
The rules and conditions for conducting the examination for obtaining the right to drive vehicles of categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law, granting and canceling the right to drive, restoring suspended, revoked or terminated (canceled) right to drive, issuing (including replacing and restoring) and canceling driving licenses, tram driving licenses and international driving licenses, maintaining the register of issuance of driving licenses, as well as replacing and recognizing a document confirming the right to drive vehicles issued by a foreign country, are determined by this Law and the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
The examination tests (tickets) of the theoretical examination for obtaining the right to drive vehicles of categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law are approved by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

8¹. The form of the driving license (except for the form of the tram driving license) is approved by the Government of Georgia.

The form of the tram driving license is approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.
The validity period of the driving license defined in paragraph 2 of this article for the right to drive a granted category (subcategory) of vehicle may be reduced in the manner established by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia.

Article 59. Grounds for Suspension, Revocation and Termination (Cancellation) of the Right to Drive a Vehicle

The grounds for suspension of the right to drive vehicles of categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law are: a) non-compliance of the person's state of health with the health requirements for driving a vehicle defined by Georgian legislation; b) suspension of the right to drive a vehicle in the manner established by the Administrative Offences Code of Georgia; c) expiration of the validity period of the driving license for the right to drive a granted category "AM", "A", "B", "C", "D", "BE", "CE", "DE", "T", "S"/subcategory "A1", "A2", "B1", "C1", "D1", "C1E", "D1E" vehicle (only for a vehicle of this category and/or subcategory); d) expiration of the validity period of the driving license; d¹) exhaustion of the number of points assigned to the driving license during the calendar year, in the manner established by Georgian legislation; e) the presence of other circumstances established by Georgian legislation.
The grounds for revocation of the right to drive vehicles of categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law are: a) revocation of the right to drive a vehicle in the manner established by the Criminal Code of Georgia; b) revocation of the right to drive a vehicle in the manner established by the Law of Georgia "On Combating Narcotic Crime".
The grounds for termination (cancellation) of the right to drive vehicles of categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law are: a) a decision made by an authorized body (official) on the termination (cancellation) of the right to drive a vehicle; b) death of the person; c) the presence of other circumstances established by Georgian legislation.
Suspension, revocation and termination (cancellation) of the right to drive a vehicle are carried out in the manner established by Georgian legislation.
In the presence of the circumstances defined in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, the person is prohibited from driving a vehicle until the ground for suspension, revocation of the right to drive is eliminated and the right to drive is restored, except for the case provided for in subparagraph "c" of paragraph 1 of Article 54 of this Law. Restoration of the suspended, revoked right to drive a vehicle is carried out in the manner established by Georgian legislation.

5¹. For a person whose right to drive was suspended on the grounds defined in subparagraph "d¹" of paragraph 1 of this article, the right to drive is restored upon the expiration of 1 calendar year from its suspension or the right to drive is restored before the deadline after successful passing of the examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle, in the manner established by the order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Georgia. A person is admitted to the examination for obtaining the right to drive a vehicle only once during a calendar year for the purpose of early restoration of the right to drive.

From the suspension of the right to drive a vehicle on the grounds defined in subparagraphs "a", "c", "d" and "d¹" of paragraph 1 of this article until the restoration of the right to drive in the manner established by Georgian legislation, a person whose right to drive is suspended is considered to have no right to drive, except for the case provided for in subparagraph "c" of paragraph 1 of Article 54 of this Law.

Chapter VII

Driver Training Institution and Learner Driving

Article 60. Driver Training Institution

Driver training institutions and the rights and obligations, procedure of activity of instructor-teachers, material and technical base necessary for activity, the rules and forms of control of their activities, as well as educational programs for the course of theoretical and practical driver training are determined by the decree of the Government of Georgia "On the Activities of Driver Training Institutions and Instructor-Teachers".
A driver training institution may conduct a course of theoretical and/or practical driver training. If a person has successfully completed only a theoretical or practical training course at a driver training institution, they have the right to continue the remaining training course (theoretical or practical) at a driver training institution that conducts training in this training course. Except for cases provided for by Georgian legislation, a person is admitted to the examination for obtaining the right to drive vehicles of categories/subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law, if they have successfully completed the full course of theoretical and practical driver training in the established manner.

Article 61. Learner Driving

For the purposes of this article, the term "vehicle" includes vehicles of categories and subcategories defined in Article 54 of this Law.
The conduct of practical driving training (learner driving) of a vehicle is permitted, taking into account the requirements established by Georgian legislation and in the established manner, on a closed area, autodrome and road. The conduct of learner driving is not permitted on a motorway, motorway entrance and exit, in an area declared as a pedestrian zone, in a residential zone, in the zone of action of road sign 1.24, on an examination route and on a road included in the list approved by the relevant municipal body. A municipal body is authorized to approve a list of roads on the territory of said municipality where the conduct of learner driving is not permitted.
A learner vehicle on which practical driving training (learner driving) of a vehicle is conducted on the road must be equipped with additional clutch and brake pedals for the instructor-teacher, as well as a rear-view mirror. An appropriate identification sign must be attached to said learner vehicle in the manner established by subparagraph "h" of paragraph 1 of Article 19 of this Law. If learner driving is conducted on a two- or three-wheeled mechanical vehicle, said mechanical vehicle and the person driving it must be equipped with the necessary safety equipment. For the admission of a person under 18 years of age to drive a learner vehicle for the purpose of learner driving, the consent of one of their parents or guardian is mandatory.
Learner driving on the road is permitted only on a learner vehicle together with an instructor-teacher in case the person has mastered the initial skills of practical driving of a vehicle. The instructor-teacher has the right to conduct learner driving on the road only after being convinced that the person (student) has sufficiently mastered the initial skills of practical driving of a vehicle.
A person who is learning practical driving of a vehicle must not be more than 1 year younger than the minimum age limit established by paragraph 4 of Article 55 of this Law for granting the right to drive the same vehicle.
The requirements established by paragraph 3 of this article do not apply to a specialized self-propelled machine and an agricultural machine.
The conduct of learner driving on a specialized self-propelled machine and an agricultural machine is permitted only on a closed area and autodrome.

Chapter VIII

Transitional and Final Provisions

Article 62. Transitional Provisions

Driving licenses issued in Georgia from April 1, 2006 until the entry into force of this Law shall retain legal force until September 1, 2028 for the right to drive vehicles of categories (subcategories) "A", "B", "BE", "T", "S", "A1" and "B1" granted to the person (regardless of the date of granting) (except for cases provided for in paragraph 4 of this article).
Driving licenses issued in Georgia from April 1, 2006 until the entry into force of this Law shall retain legal force until March 1, 2019 for the right to drive vehicles of categories (subcategories) "C", "CE", "D", "DE", "C1", "C1E", "D1" and "D1E" granted to the person (regardless of the date of granting) (except for cases provided for in paragraph 4 of this article).
Driving licenses issued in Georgia before April 1, 2006 shall retain legal force until April 1, 2018 (except for cases provided for in paragraph 4 of this article).
Driving licenses issued with a limited period due to circumstances provided for by Georgian legislation before the entry into force of this Law shall retain legal force for the validity period established for these licenses.
(Removed – 23.12.2017, No. 1913).
(Removed – 23.12.2017, No. 1913).
A valid driving license issued in Georgia is assigned 100 points provided for by this Law on July 1, 2017, which are valid until January 1, 2018.
In case of restoration after July 1, 2017 of the right to drive suspended or revoked before July 1, 2017, 100 points provided for by this Law are assigned to the driving license.
A driving license issued by a foreign country with legal force in Georgia is assigned 100 points provided for by this Law on July 1, 2017, which are valid until January 1, 2018, except when the driving license issued in a foreign country has had its legal force suspended on another ground provided for by Georgian legislation. 100 points provided for by this Law shall be assigned to said driving license from January 1, 2018 according to the general rules established by this Law.

Article 63. Measures to be Implemented in Connection with the Entry into Force of this Law

The Government of Georgia shall, by July 1, 2014, ensure: a) the adoption of the following normative acts: a.a) "On the Approval of the Rules and Conditions of Agreement with the Authorized Body (Agency) for the Admission of an Oversized (Large-sized) or Overweight (Heavy) Vehicle for Movement on the Road"; a.b) "On the Approval of Requirements for Motor Vehicle Roadworthiness Testing Centers"; a.c) "On the Approval of Technical Requirements for Motor Vehicles (Compliance with which is Determined by Roadworthiness Testing) and Testing Methods"; a.d) "On the Frequency of Mandatory Roadworthiness Testing of Motor Vehicles of Various Categories"; a.e) "On the Form and Procedure for Manufacturing Roadworthiness Testing Certificates for Motor Vehicles"; a.f) "On the Rules for Converting a Vehicle"; a.g) "On Homemade Mechanical Vehicles"; a.h) "On the Approval of the Sample of the Registration Number (State License Plates), Internal Transit, Transit Number and 'TEST' Number of Vehicles"; a.i) "On the Approval of Rules for Organizing the Work and Rest of Drivers of Motor Vehicles Engaged in International Transportation and for the Use of Control Devices (Tachographs) of Motor Vehicle Movement Parameters"; a.j) "On the Approval of Requirements for Workshops and Mechanics Performing the Installation, Inspection, Technical Maintenance and Repair of Control Devices (Tachographs)"; a.k) "On the Activities of Driver Training Institutions and Instructor-Teachers"; b) the compliance of subordinate normative acts with this Law.

1¹. The Government of Georgia shall, by November 1, 2017, ensure the adoption of the normative act "On the Approval of the Form of the Registration Certificate of Vehicles".

The Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia are requested to ensure, by July 1, 2014, the issuance of a joint order "On the Determination of Health Requirements Necessary for Driving Vehicles, Coded Restrictions Related to Driving and the Conditions for Their Establishment, as well as the Rules for Indicating Data Containing Additional Information".
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia shall: a) ensure, by July 1, 2014, the issuance of the following normative acts: a.a) "On the Establishment of the Form for Providing the List of Tested Motor Vehicles by a Testing (Examination) Center to the Patrol Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Georgia"; a.b) "On the Approval of the Form of the Tram Driving License"; a.c) "On the Registration and Cancellation of Registration of Vehicles"; a.d) "On the Approval of Examination Tests (Tickets) of the Theoretical Examination for Obtaining the Right to Drive a Vehicle"; b) ensure the compliance of subordinate normative acts with this Law; c) by July 1, 2017, approve the rules for administering the point system assigned to a driving license.
Local self-government bodies are entrusted with ensuring, by July 1, 2014, the approval in their areas of jurisdiction of the list of roads where practical driving training (learner driving) of a vehicle is permitted.
Until the implementation of the measures provided for in this article, normative acts issued before the entry into force of this Law shall retain legal force, regardless of whether they comply with the provisions of this Law.

Article 63¹. Normative Acts to be Adopted by the Government of Georgia

The Government of Georgia shall, by January 1, 2018, ensure: a) the adoption of normative acts referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 11 of this Law; b) the compliance of subordinate normative acts with this Law.

Article 64. Final Provisions

This Law, except for Articles 1-52 and 54-62 of this Law, shall enter into force on the 15th day after its publication.
Articles 1-52 and 54-62 of this Law shall enter into force on March 1, 2014.
Upon entry into force of this Law, Article 9 of the Law of Georgia "On Road Traffic Safety" (Legislative Herald of Georgia, No. 22(29), 1999, Art. 104) shall be deleted.
From March 1, 2014, the Law of Georgia "On Road Traffic Safety" (Legislative Herald of Georgia, No. 22(29), 1999, Art. 104) shall be declared invalid.

Traffic rules